Read the following passage and choose the option that best fits each blank.
The ecosystem is up of many living and non-living things that work together to keep balance. is important to pay attention to how these elements interact to keep the environment . Each living thing has an important role, from plants and animals to small insects and bacteria, all helping the ecosystem stay stable. Scientists often sort plants their type or size to learn more about their functions and value. To protect the ecosystem, we need to take actions like planting trees, reducing waste, and saving natural resources. Education and awareness can help encourage , inspiring people to protect the planet. For the ecosystem to stay strong, everyone work together, especially when climate change continues to harm the globe.
Read the following leaflet and choose the option that best fits each blank.
Stop Cyberbullying: Together, We Can Make a Change!
Let’s take action to protect everyone online.
Facts and Figures:
Cyberbullying affects millions of young people worldwide, causing emotional harm and stress. Over 70% of students have witnessed cyberbullying online. The major is the lack of support for victims, making the situation even worse.
Positive Action!
Choose the best way to rearrange the following sentences in order to make a meaningful conversation.
a. Sarah: That sounds wonderful. I hope you get the chance to experience it soon.
b. Alex: I’ve always wanted to visit Italy. The food and history there fascinate me.
c. Sarah: Where do you dream of traveling?
Choose the best way to rearrange the following sentences in order to make a meaningful conversation.
a. Greg: It's been a rough couple of days. I fell off my bike yesterday and scraped and bruised my knee and elbow.
b. Tina: Oh my gosh! What happened to you, Greg?
c. Tina: You’re so accident-prone! Always check if something is hot before touching it, OK?
d. Tina: You should always wear a helmet when you ride. Head injuries can be very serious.
e. Greg: I know! And to make it worse, I burned my hand while cooking breakfast this morning.
Choose the best way to rearrange the following sentences in order to make a meaningful letter.
Hi Sarah,
a. Right now, I’m focusing on grammar exercises because I have an English test soon, but I’ll explore the speaking activities later.
b. How about we study together sometime, maybe after the test? It would be great to practice speaking with each other. What do you think?
c. Thank you for recommending the English learning app last week. It has been so helpful, especially for improving my vocabulary and understanding new words in different contexts.
d. However, I find the speaking activities quite engaging and very effective for practicing pronunciation.
e. Thank you as well for suggesting watching English movies with subtitles - it makes learning easier and more enjoyable.
Write back soon,
Lily
Choose the best way to rearrange the following sentences in order to make a meaningful paragraph.
a. Additionally, digital payment methods have made transactions quicker, safer, and more secure, reducing the need for cash.
b. By setting limits and using technology wisely, shopping can remain both enjoyable and cost-effective, offering a balanced approach to modern consumer habits.
c. For instance, online platforms allow us to compare prices, read reviews, and make purchases from the comfort of home without the hassle of visiting multiple stores.
d. However, the convenience of online shopping can lead to impulse buying and overspending if not managed carefully.
e. Technology has completely transformed the way we shop, making the process more convenient, efficient, and accessible to everyone.
Choose the best way to rearrange the following sentences in order to make a meaningful paragraph.
a. Although modern farming techniques have increased food production by 20% in developed countries, according to the United Nations, over 828 million people were undernourished in 2021.
b. Many regions also lack the necessary infrastructure to ensure a stable food supply. Ironically, millions of tons of food are still wasted every year.
c. In addition, improving food distribution systems and educating the public are key factors in ensuring that everyone has enough to eat.
d. To address this issue, governments should implement policies to reduce food waste and invest in sustainable agriculture.
e. Food security remains a pressing global issue as millions of people worldwide face hunger.
Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each of the questions.
FOMO AS A MARKETING STRATEGY
While FOMO is widely recognized as a source of personal anxiety, businesses have long understood its commercial potential. In the world of sales and marketing, the Fear of Missing Out is deliberately engineered as a persuasion technique, exploiting the same psychological trigger to drive purchasing decisions. As a result, FOMO has become one of the most powerful forces shaping consumer behavior in the digital age.
The most common application of FOMO marketing is the creation of artificial urgency. Limited-time offers, countdown timers, and flash sales are designed to pressure consumers into acting quickly rather than deliberating. Phrases such as "Only 3 items left in stock" or "Sale ends in 2 hours" signal scarcity, compelling buyers to make impulsive decisions they might otherwise reconsider.
Social proof is another widely used tactic. Notifications such as "1,240 people are viewing this right now" or "Best-seller this week" suggest that a product is in high demand, reinforcing the fear of being left behind. Similarly, exclusive membership schemes and early-bird pricing make consumers feel privileged to act fast, further amplifying the urgency to purchase.
The effectiveness of these strategies lies in a well-documented cognitive bias known as loss aversion. People are more strongly motivated by the prospect of losing something than by gaining an equivalent reward. Marketers who successfully activate this bias can significantly increase conversion rates, particularly among younger consumers who are already accustomed to the fast-paced nature of social media.
Despite its effectiveness, FOMO marketing raises ethical concerns. Critics argue that deliberately manipulating anxiety to influence behavior undermines consumer autonomy. As awareness of these tactics grows, businesses may find that transparent and trust-based approaches are ultimately more sustainable than strategies built on manufactured pressure.
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1 as a role of FOMO in marketing?
FOMO is used as a technique to persuade consumers.
FOMO exploits a psychological trigger to drive purchases.
FOMO has been studied and banned in several countries.
FOMO has become a powerful force shaping consumer behavior.
The word "compelling" in paragraph 2 is CLOSEST in meaning to _____.
discouraging
distracting
authorizing
forcing
The word "this" in paragraph 3 refers to _____.
a product
a notification
high demand
social proof
Which paragraph mentions a specific cognitive principle that explains why FOMO marketing works?
Paragraph 2
Paragraph 3
Paragraph 4
Paragraph 5
The word "amplifying" in paragraph 3 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ___.
reducing
changing
silencing
drying
Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?
"People are more strongly motivated by the prospect of losing something than by gaining an equivalent reward."
People tend to value what they already own more than things they have yet to acquire.
The fear of loss is a stronger motivator than the desire for an equal gain.
People become more motivated when they are at risk of losing their financial rewards.
Gaining something new is less satisfying than keeping what one already possesses.
Which of the following is TRUE according to paragraph 4?
Loss aversion is a recently discovered phenomenon with limited research.
Younger consumers are considered particularly responsive to FOMO tactics.
Conversion rates increase only when consumers are unaware of FOMO strategies.
FOMO marketing is equally effective across all age groups.
Which paragraph mentions a potential shift in how businesses approach their marketing strategies?
Paragraph 2
Paragraph 3
Paragraph 4
Paragraph 5
Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each of the questions.
In the contemporary corporate lexicon, few phrases have gained as much traction among Generation Z and Alpha as "mental health days" and "healing." Driven by a heightened awareness of burnout, younger professionals are boldly redefining the psychological contract between employer and employee. When faced with demanding bosses or overwhelming projects, their culturally endorsed instinct is no longer to persevere, but to sever ties. Consequently, chronic job hopping has been rebranded from a red flag on a resume to an act of courageous self-care. On the surface, prioritizing one's psychological well-being over corporate loyalty appears to be a progressive evolution. However, organizational psychologists caution that this relentless pursuit of frictionless work environments may be masking a profound crisis of emotional resilience.
The core issue arises when normal professional friction is casually pathologized. [I] In today's hyper-vigilant digital culture, constructive criticism is frequently mislabeled as "toxic," and routine workplace stress is elevated to the status of "trauma." [II] By taking immediate mental health days or abruptly resigning at the first sign of discomfort, young workers often engage in what clinical psychologists term an avoidance coping mechanism. [III] While fleeing an adversarial situation provides immediate relief, it robs individuals of the critical opportunity to develop conflict resolution skills and emotional fortitude. [IV] The illusion of 'healing' through constant departure merely kicks the proverbial can down the road. Consequently, it ensures that the employee remains fundamentally unequipped to handle the inevitable adversities of their next role.
Ultimately, while genuinely abusive workplaces must be abandoned, treating every professional inconvenience as an assault on mental health is highly counterproductive. A career built on perpetual transience paradoxically generates more anxiety, as the individual is denied the profound satisfaction and stability that stem from mastering a difficult challenge. True healing does not come from endlessly curating a stress-free existence, but rather from building the psychological callous necessary to navigate discomfort. If the upcoming workforce continues to equate resilience with running away, they risk breeding a generation of professionals who are emotionally articulate, yet fundamentally fragile.
According to paragraph 1, organizational psychologists suggest that younger workers' focus on psychological well-being _____.
reflects a genuine and necessary evolution in workplace culture
may be concealing a deeper problem with emotional resilience
has successfully redefined the employer-employee relationship
is a direct consequence of poor management practices
Which of the following best summarises paragraph 1?
Generation Z and Alpha's rejection of toxic workplaces has forced corporations to redesign psychological contracts with their employees.
While younger generations' prioritization of mental health appears progressive, it may in fact be disguising an inability to cope with ordinary professional challenges.
Burnout awareness among young professionals has divided organizational psychologists over whether job hopping benefits long-term career development.
The growing popularity of "mental health days" among younger workers is attributable to the increasing demands placed on them by modern corporations.
The word "pathologized" in paragraph 2 most likely means _____.
documented but misunderstood
recognised but poorly managed
labelled as medically abnormal
studied but oversimplified
The word "it" in paragraph 2 refers to _____.
fleeing an adversarial situation
developing conflict resolution skills
taking mental health days regularly
engaging with clinical psychologists
Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 2?
"The illusion of 'healing' through constant departure merely kicks the proverbial can down the road."
Repeatedly leaving difficult situations creates a false sense of recovery while leaving the underlying problem unresolved.
No sooner do workers depart a stressful environment than they are confronted with the same psychological burdens in the next.
Were it not for the illusion of healing through resignation, young professionals could never have developed effective coping skills.
The act of constant departure is so pervasive that it has now become the conventional road to genuine psychological recovery.
Where in the passage does the following sentence best fit?
"This pattern is particularly evident in the proliferation of online communities that validate immediate exit as the only emotionally intelligent response."
[I]
[II]
[III]
[IV]
According to the passage, what does a career built on constant job changes ultimately deny the individual?
Financial stability
Managerial experience
The satisfaction of mastering a difficult challenge
Recognition from organizational psychologists
In the final paragraph, what does the author imply about the acquisition of "true healing"?
Seeking out entirely stress-free work environments
Being highly articulate about workplace trauma
Enduring even genuinely abusive employers
Building mental toughness to face discomfort
According to the author, which of the following is a valid reason to quit a job?
Any source of emotional discomfort
Constructive but demanding criticism
Routine professional inconveniences
Truly exploitative work conditions
Which of the following best summarises the passage?
Young workers' mental health awareness, though valid, risks becoming a justification for avoidance that stunts genuine resilience.
Generation Z's mental health framework is largely beneficial but clashes with traditional norms valuing endurance over well-being.
Corporate failure to provide psychologically safe environments is the root cause of avoidance coping among younger professionals.
Modern workplaces must balance adopting Gen Z's mental health values with training workers to distinguish stress from genuine trauma.
Read the following passage and choose the best answer for each blank.
Understanding global communication styles is essential in today's interconnected world. All international workplaces involve some element of diversity whether in the form of different time zones, unfamiliar business customs, being unable to understand local jokes, or (1) _____. We ask ourselves what challenges we would run into if we worked there, if there is a high likelihood of miscommunication, and how significant the consequences would be.
Some professionals, of course, relish direct communication, as this gives an edge of clarity to the workplace, (2) _____. Others, however, are conflict averse and will studiously avoid blunt criticism wherever possible. Clearly, the directness of the feedback will be a key factor. (3) _____. The conflict averse will soften their words, choose to give feedback in private, knowing its sensitivity, or suggest improvements indirectly rather than point out errors.
(4) _____. There is evidence that much of the continuing frustration shown by international teams to complete shared projects can be attributed to, in part, the lack of training in cross-cultural awareness and, in part, (5) _____ in favour of one's own cultural norms. Ultimately, developing cultural sensitivity ensures a healthy and productive environment for everyone.
Choose the phrase or sentence that best fits (1).
being forced to adapt to completely different communication styles
what are the communication styles we will be forced to adapt to
until we are forced to adapt to completely different communication styles
being uncertain about the communication styles until adapting to them
Choose the phrase or sentence that best fits (2).
so the presence of blunt feedback is not in itself an insult to them
but do not present any insults and feedback to the workplace itself
if the workplace itself is not in the presence of blunt feedback
and the workplace itself does not present any feedback or insults
Choose the phrase or sentence that best fits (3).
However, most professionals prefer to receive feedback in a group setting.
Therefore, direct feedback is always more effective than indirect suggestions.
For this latter group, a blunt approach can be perceived as aggressive and disrespectful.
In other words, clarity in communication is the only goal in a professional setting.
Choose the phrase or sentence that best fits (4).
Managers also communicate their expectations by choosing the methods without cultural factors
Cultural background is also a factor in the methods chosen by managers to communicate their expectations
Expectations are also communicated after managers choose methods without cultural backgrounds
Also, the factors and methods managers choose to communicate their expectations are cultural
Choose the phrase or sentence that best fits (5).
thanks to the assumption that foreign colleagues will act in a familiar way
due to the assumption, through which familiar and foreign colleagues act
the familiar way that foreign colleagues will act through the assumption
the assumption that foreign colleagues will act in a familiar way