Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each of the questions.
Teenagers often favor weekend "catch-up" sleep as their go-to method to recharge after an exhausting week at school. They believe that they can simply make up for their lost weekday sleep by staying in bed until noon on Saturdays and Sundays. From this viewpoint, the total amount of sleep over a week is seen as the only thing that matters for mental recovery.
However, recent sleep science proves this comforting idea wrong. According to detailed research and medical guidelines from the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM), irregular sleep patterns actually harm, rather than help, brain function. The data demonstrate that students who attempt to compensate for a severe lack of sleep during the week by oversleeping on weekends regularly show poorer memory and slower processing speeds than their peers with stable routines. This phenomenon, medically termed "social jet lag," causes serious disruptions to the body's internal clock, proving that sleep timing is just as critical as sleep volume.
The biological reason behind this mental decline is simple yet profound. When teenagers dramatically change their wake-up times, these students' biological clocks become confused, creating the same physical stress as traveling across multiple time zones. Consequently, upon returning to early school start times on Monday, these students experience severe "sleep inertia"—a state of grogginess that can suppress their alertness for up to four hours, badly affecting their ability to focus in class.
Recognizing the dangers of irregular sleep does not mean teenagers should be denied rest completely, nor does it excuse the heavy homework loads that cause the lack of sleep in the first place. Rather, it highlights the need to prioritize a regular sleep schedule over occasional weekend sleeping-in. By maintaining a consistent wake-up time throughout the entire week, teenagers can maximize their mental sharpness and protect their long-term well-being.
In paragraph 4, the writer is _____.
advocating for a consistent daily sleep routine rather than relying on weekend recovery
demanding that high schools immediately reduce their heavy homework requirements
suggesting that teenagers should be denied rest completely if they fail to follow a schedule
highlighting the benefits of occasional weekend sleeping-in for long-term well-being
The word "profound" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _____.
The word "suppress" in paragraph 3 is OPPOSITE in meaning to _____.
The word "it" in paragraph 4 refers to _____.
Which of the following best paraphrases the bold sentence in paragraph 2?
"The data demonstrate that students who attempt to compensate for a severe lack of sleep during the week by oversleeping on weekends regularly show poorer memory and slower processing speeds than their peers with stable routines."
Which of the following statements would the writer NOT agree with?
Students who oversleep on weekends tend to have poorer memory and slower processing speeds than those with consistent routines.
In which paragraph does the writer mention how shifting sleep schedules causes fatigue at the start of the week?
In which paragraph does the writer mention a recommendation to prioritize a regular daily schedule over occasional long periods of rest?
Read the following passage and choose the option that best fits each of the blanks.
The minimalist lifestyle, once viewed as a niche aesthetic, has quickly become a popular trend to protect the environment. As people become more aware of their ecological footprint, many are changing their daily habits (1) _____. This shift away from hyper-consumerism is mostly caused by real facts about global pollution and the loss of natural resources.
The need for this change is very clear in the clothing industry. The United Nations reports that the fashion business causes about 10 percent of all global carbon emissions and (2) _____. Fast fashion creates a throwaway culture where cheap clothes are easily thrown away after just a few wears. In response, experts say that (3) _____, buying second-hand items, and prioritizing quality can reduce the heavy burden we put on nature.
However, moving to a greener lifestyle is not just the responsibility of the individual buyer. Even if millions of people follow zero-waste rules, their collective efforts might be rendered futile (4) _____. Therefore, while personal choices are a good starting point, they must go together with strict laws and corporate accountability. True sustainability needs a comprehensive change in society, (5) _____.
Choose the correct option for (1).
Choose the correct option for (2).
Choose the correct option for (3).
discarding outdated outfits to make room for new ones
expanding the production of synthetic materials
replacing seasonal wardrobes with cheap items
mending damaged garments instead of tossing them out
Choose the correct option for (4).
provided that global corporations commit to adopting green technologies
as long as massive industries continue polluting without consequence
unless governments completely fail to regulate industrial emissions
because individual consumers bear the main responsibility for the crisis
Choose the correct option for (5).
Read the following notice and choose the best answer for each blank.
NOTICE OF SCIENCE FAIR REGISTRATION
The annual High School Science Fair is approaching! is highly recommended that students start brainstorming ideas early to prepare for this exciting event.
This competition is a wonderful for you to showcase your scientific skills and creativity. To participate, please out the official registration form available on the school website by Friday.
When their presentation materials, all students must carefully follow the safety guidelines provided by the chemistry department. We want you to create something innovative that it will impress our panel of guest judges. Who knows, you might even a smart device that helps our local community!
For more details, please contact Mr. Harris in Room 204.
Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each of the questions.
Being a responsible digital citizen today involves more than simply knowing how to share content safely online. It also requires understanding how social media determines what we see. Every feed is powered by an algorithm, a complex system that analyzes what each user likes, shares, and watches. Its primary objective is not to inform people, but to maximize their screen time, because longer sessions directly generate higher advertising revenue.
A familiar scenario is when a student opens a video app "just for five minutes" before starting homework. One short clip plays automatically after another, with each seemingly more captivating than the last. The app has already learned that this student enjoys football and funny animal videos, so it delivers an infinite stream of both. When the student finally looks up, an hour has vanished, their assignments remain neglected, and they can barely recall the content they just consumed.
This loss of time is no accident; these platforms are deliberately engineered with features that make quitting difficult. [I] Infinite scrolling removes any natural stopping point, creating a feed that never truly ends. [II] Push notifications, often displayed in bright red, prompt users to return to the app even when they had no intention of doing so. [III] Even more powerful than these visual cues is the unpredictable reward. [IV] Much like a game of chance, the feed mixes ordinary posts with occasional highly entertaining ones, encouraging users to keep scrolling in the hope of encountering something exciting.
Recognizing how these mechanisms operate is the first step toward using them wisely. The algorithm does not merely dictate our screen time. By repeatedly displaying content similar to what we have previously liked, it can restrict our exposure to diverse viewpoints and slowly push us toward more polarizing opinions. Digital citizens can regain control by disabling autoplay, setting strict time limits, and searching for information intentionally rather than letting the feed choose for them. The ultimate goal is not to avoid technology, but to navigate it mindfully.
The word "Its" in paragraph 1 refers to _____.
the algorithm's
the feed's
the user's
the company's
Why does the author mention the student opening a video app "just for five minutes" in paragraph 2?
To show how easily a personalized feed can make users abandon their initial plans
To emphasize that students usually lack the self-control needed to finish their schoolwork
To argue that short entertainment breaks make it harder to focus on academic tasks
To give examples of video topics that bring the most advertising income to the company
The word "unpredictable" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _____.
expected
Where in paragraph 3 does the following sentence best fit?
"Because of these carefully engineered psychological triggers, breaking away from the screen requires a significant amount of conscious effort."
What is NOT mentioned in paragraph 4 as a recommended action for digital citizens?
Turning off the features that automatically play the next video
Blocking accounts that frequently share narrow or extreme viewpoints
Looking for specific topics intentionally rather than letting the app choose
Establishing personal limits on how much time to spend on the apps daily
Which of the following best summarizes paragraph 3?
What can be concluded from paragraph 5?
According to the passage, the algorithm affects users in all of the following ways EXCEPT _____.
playing subsequent videos automatically without requiring user action
using bright visual notifications to draw users back to the platform
gradually steering users toward more extreme content over time
suggesting connecting with other users who share similar interests
What can be inferred from the passage?
The platforms' financial goals drive the psychological design features of social media apps.
Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
Read the following advertisement and choose the best answer for each blank.
Are you passionate about our vibrant city and eager to share its hidden gems? We are anticipating as many foreign visitors this summer compared to last year. Thus, we would like enthusiastic locals to join our dynamic guiding team. As a guide, you will need to go the extra to deliver exceptional experiences and absolute customer satisfaction. You will be organizing walking tours and managing group schedules all by . , candidates with fluency in a second language will be given top priority in our selection process. Don't miss out on this rewarding seasonal job!
Choose the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text.
a. Receptionist: Of course. There's a deluxe double on the third floor for a two-night stay.
b. David: Hi there, would it be possible for me to get a room for two this weekend?
c. David: Excellent! I want to reserve that room. Thanks a lot.
Choose the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text.
a. Sophie: Do you have a minute? I wanted to ask about how to prepare for our upcoming career fair.
b. Ben: You might want to update your CV and prepare a short self-introduction for recruiters.
c. Ben: What's the main thing you're feeling unsure about? Writing your CV or interviewing with recruiters?
d. Sophie: That makes sense. I’ll definitely prioritize polishing those two areas this evening.
e. Sophie: Honestly, I don't really know how to deal with pitching myself to total strangers.
b – a – c – e – d
e – c – b – a – d
Choose the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text.
Dear Placement Office,
a. Therefore, I strongly request that you assign me an alternative supervisor who specializes in educational technology.
b. As a final-year student, I am entitled to proper academic guidance throughout my dissertation project.
c. I am writing to request a change of supervisor for my graduation thesis.
d. I look forward to your quick confirmation regarding this urgent adjustment.
e. Although my assigned advisor is an expert in medieval history, my topic focuses entirely on digital learning tools.
Yours sincerely,
Rachel Green
b – c – e – a – d
d – e – a – b – c
Choose the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text.
a. On the positive side, intelligent tutoring systems can personalize learning paths, allowing students to master complex subjects at their own unique pace.
b. For instance, students could develop poor communication skills if they spend the majority of their school day interacting solely with screens and algorithms.
c. The integration of artificial intelligence in education has sparked significant debate, presenting both remarkable opportunities and notable challenges for modern classrooms.
d. As a consequence, while smart technologies greatly enhance academic personalization, schools must implement them carefully to preserve the essential human element of teaching.
e. Nevertheless, many educators worry that an overreliance on these automated tools might severely diminish crucial face-to-face interactions between teachers and pupils.
a – c – b – e – d
e – b – c – a – d
Choose the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text.
a. Thanks to these targeted measures, a 15 percent increase in the tiger population was recorded within three years.
b. Prompted by the growing threat to biodiversity, the forestry department established strict anti-poaching patrols and expanded protected zones.
c. Pushing this initiative further, officials integrated surveillance drones into their operations and trained local villagers as wildlife protectors.
d. Such a remarkable recovery proves beyond doubt that endangered species can flourish when conservation policies are strictly enforced.
e. Illegal hunting had driven several native species to the brink of local extinction for many years.
b – c – e – a – d