Đề số 5 luyện thi tốt nghiệp THPT môn tiếng Anh

Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each of the questions.

As city populations grow rapidly, metropolitan planners face a serious and ongoing housing shortage. In response, local governments and real estate developers have increasingly embraced the building of micro-apartments. These extremely small living spaces, usually measuring under 30 square meters, are quickly changing city centers from Tokyo to New York. As a result, city planning boards are actively changing traditional building rules to accommodate these crowded developments.

Along with this building trend comes a highly romanticized idea. A common belief among the public is that these tiny units offer the perfect simple and eco-friendly city lifestyle. Many young professionals naturally think that giving up living space will automatically lead to a more sustainable lifestyle and a freer daily life. They assume that a micro-apartment easily removes the stress of owning too many things, leading to greater happiness.

However, empirical research shows a very different picture of living in tiny spaces for a long time. According to environmental psychologists at Boston Architectural College, adults living in spaces smaller than 30 square meters face a much higher risk of chronic stress. Furthermore, their data show that couples sharing such tightly packed homes experience a 30 percent increase in relationship arguments compared to those in normal-sized homes. This is because the continuous lack of personal privacy eventually damages their psychological stability.

While building smaller homes is undeniably a practical way to handle city housing problems, the current trend of making apartments extremely small needs careful rethinking. Future city planning must try to find a good balance between providing enough homes and keeping healthy living conditions. In the end, a truly sustainable city must care about the mental health of its residents just as much as it values space efficiency.

Not long ago, buying new clothes was something most families did only a few times a year. Today, clothing has become so cheap that many shoppers treat it as almost disposable. (1) _____. Between 2000 and 2014, global clothing production roughly doubled, while the average garment was worn far fewer times before being thrown out.

The ramifications reach far beyond our wardrobes. According to the Ellen MacArthur Foundation, the equivalent of one rubbish truck of textiles is burned or sent to landfill every second, and less than 1 per cent of the material used to make clothing is recycled into new clothes. In other words, the industry is designed to produce clothes (2) _____.

Part of the problem is that low prices change the way we value what we own. (3) _____, it is easy to throw it away after only a few wears. Few people would treat an expensive coat so carelessly.

Changing this habit does not require giving up fashion altogether. Buying fewer but better-made items, (4) _____, can reduce a wardrobe's environmental footprint considerably. Repairing, swapping and buying second-hand extend the life of clothes even further. The most sustainable garment, as advocates like to say, is (5) _____.

WINTER COAT DONATION DRIVE

As the freezing months approach, there are still 14.1littlemuchmanyfew people in our community who do not have adequate clothing. We are collecting winter jackets to 14.2protectproduceprovidepromote warmth and comfort to the homeless.

How You Can Help:

• Please 14.3leaveputfalldrop off your gently used coats, scarves, and gloves at the community center lobby.
• Ensure all clothing items are washed and in good 14.4situationconditionpositionstatus before donating. No torn or heavily stained items, please.

Our goal is to ensure that everyone stays just as 14.5warmerwarmestmore warmwarm as possible during these tough times. We will be sorting and distributing the clothes on Sunday morning. 14.6WereIfHadShould you need assistance with transportation for large donations, please contact our volunteer team directly at 555-0192.

Let's share the warmth this winter!

Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each of the questions.

For most of us, dropping a plastic bottle into a recycling bin feels like a small but meaningful step toward saving the planet. Children are taught to sort their rubbish at school, and families carefully rinse out yogurt pots before throwing them away. Yet, a fundamental misconception persists. People naturally assume that everything deposited in these bins will automatically be repurposed into new goods, a belief that the recycling symbols on our packaging seem to guarantee. The reality, however, is nowhere near as straightforward.

Under the right conditions, the recycling process actually works exactly as intended. Clear drinking bottles, for example, are manufactured from a single, easily identifiable plastic. As long as they are collected clean and kept completely separate from general waste, they can be washed, melted down, and transformed into new bottles or even synthetic fibers for clothing. In areas with efficient waste management networks, a substantial proportion of these bottles is successfully recovered and kept in circulation.

Unfortunately, the picture looks vastly different for almost everything else. Food trays, flexible bags, and sweet wrappers are made from a wide variety of plastics. More often than not, they arrive at sorting facilities mixed together and heavily contaminated with food. If the machinery is incompatible and cannot process them, these items are simply extracted and sent straight to landfills or incinerators. According to a landmark global report from 2022, a mere 9% of all plastic waste generated in 2019 was actually recycled. Nearly half was buried, roughly a fifth was burned, and the remainder was either dumped or leaked into the natural environment.

Why does the system fail so often? Experts point to a combination of practical and economic barriers. [I] Many everyday items, such as crisp packets, are made by pressing thin layers of different materials together. Because these layers are permanently bonded, mechanical sorting systems cannot separate them. [II] Money also dictates much of the process: brand-new plastic, derived directly from oil, is frequently cheaper to buy than recycled alternatives, which naturally drives manufacturers to choose the cheaper option. [III] As a result, even plastic waste that is carefully sorted by consumers may ultimately have nowhere to go. [IV]

This does not mean that recycling is a futile habit. Every item that goes through the system conserves valuable resources, and processing clean, simple plastics genuinely yields tangible benefits. However, better recycling alone cannot solve the growing plastic crisis, especially as global production continues to rise. The most effective solutions require us to act much earlier: we must drastically reduce our reliance on single-use items, prioritize products designed to be refilled or reused, and only recycle what local facilities can actually handle. Recycling, in other words, should be the last step, not the first.

Have you ever marveled at the breathtaking beauty of our coastal marine life? It is absolutely worth 25.1exploringexploredto exploreexplore the magnificent underwater wonders of Blue Bay. Unfortunately, due to recent careless tourism, many delicate coral reefs must 25.2sufferedhave sufferedto suffersuffer immense physical damage. If this reckless behavior 25.3continuecontinuedcontinueswill continue, we will lose this natural treasure forever. We urge every visitor to keep a close 25.4sighteyemindhand on their surroundings and never step on the corals. Embracing 25.5sustainablesevereheavysteady tourism practices is the only way to protect our fragile ecosystem. 25.6HoweverNeverthelessConsequentlyOtherwise, we can preserve these spectacular reefs for future generations to enjoy. Join hands with us today!