Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each of the questions.
Modern wellness enthusiasts often begin their days by reaching for their smartphones to review their overnight sleep scores. Wearing a smartwatch to bed is widely considered a proactive step toward better health. However, sleep specialists caution that this heavy reliance on digital tracking carries an unforeseen psychological cost that many users fail to recognize.
A recent clinical trial investigated the morning habits of hundreds of participants. The researchers found that when individuals who woke up feeling fully refreshed were presented with a low "sleep quality" score, they suddenly started complaining about daytime fatigue. The participants themselves were shocked by this revelation. Most had assumed that the applications were simply reflecting their physical state, completely unaware that the algorithm was actually dictating their mood.
This phenomenon points to an unsettling reality: constantly striving for perfect rest can actively sabotage it. Medical professionals use the term "orthosomnia" to describe this condition, where an unhealthy obsession with achieving ideal sleep metrics causes severe pre-bedtime anxiety. Consequently, subsequent observations proved that individuals fixated on their trackers typically took much longer to fall asleep compared to those who simply listened to their own bodies.
Despite these drawbacks, it would be unwise to discard these gadgets entirely, as they remain essential for diagnosing serious medical conditions. Identifying sleep apnea, detecting irregular heart rhythms, and establishing long-term health baselines are all made easier by wearable technology. Therefore, rather than abandoning sleep trackers, the primary goal for healthcare providers is to educate users on how to interpret this data without letting it control their lives. Until people master this balance, the bedroom will remain a stressful clinical laboratory rather than a peaceful sanctuary for rest.
In paragraph 1, the writer is _____.
The word "fatigue" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _____.
The word "unforeseen" in paragraph 1 is OPPOSITE in meaning to _____.
The word "it" in paragraph 3 refers to _____.
Which of the following best paraphrases the bold sentence in paragraph 4?
"Therefore, rather than abandoning sleep trackers, the primary goal for healthcare providers is to educate users on how to interpret this data without letting it control their lives."
Which of the following statements would the writer NOT agree with?
Wearable devices still offer valuable medical benefits, particularly in identifying serious physical conditions.
A low sleep score can cause users to feel exhausted during the day, regardless of how energetic they felt upon waking.
Paying too much attention to sleep data can increase anxiety and actually make it harder to fall asleep.
Due to the stress they cause before bed, sleep trackers are considered unhelpful for monitoring long-term health trends.
In which paragraph does the writer introduce the medical term for sleep-tracking anxiety?
In which paragraph does the writer explain how negative sleep ratings cause tiredness?
Read the following passage and choose the option that best fits each of the blanks.
In many offices, the last person to switch off the lights earns quiet admiration from colleagues and managers alike. (1) _____. Yet a growing body of evidence suggests that the link between hours worked and value produced is far weaker than most people assume.
Consider the four-day week. In 2022, 61 British companies took part in a six-month trial in which employees worked one day less each week for the same pay. Revenue stayed broadly the same, sick days fell, and fewer staff resigned. (2) _____, 56 of the 61 companies decided to continue with the shorter week after the trial ended.
Why would working less not mean achieving less? (3) _____. With fewer hours available, meetings became shorter, distractions were cut, and employees focused on the tasks that mattered most.
This does not mean that every job can be squeezed into four days. Hospitals, schools and factories face limits that most office work does not. (4) _____, the trial raises an uncomfortable question for employers everywhere: if the same results can be achieved in four days, what were the extra hours really for? (5) _____.
Choose the correct option for (1).
This deeply ingrained culture essentially equates physical presence with professional commitment
Such attitudes highlight a growing preference for collaborative projects over independent tasks
This dynamic often encourages staff to prioritize short-term targets over long-term strategic goals
In many cases, these extended hours provide an opportunity for informal networking and mentorship
Choose the correct option for (2).
Choose the correct option for (3).
Analysts concluded that employees simply accelerated their working pace to meet deadlines
Companies managed to offset the lost hours by delegating routine administrative duties
The answer lies in eliminating inefficiencies rather than merely reducing the overall workload
Managers attributed this sustained productivity to the integration of automated workflow software
Choose the correct option for (4).
Choose the correct option for (5).
Read the following flyer and choose the best answer for each blank.
WILDERNESS SURVIVAL SUMMER CAMP
Are you ready for the ultimate outdoor adventure? Join our intensive 3-day survival camp to learn life-saving skills in the wild.
During the course, you will practice building safe shelters, finding clean water, and through dense forests. Because the wilderness conditions can be unprepared individuals to handle, strict adherence to our safety rules is highly required.
Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each of the questions.
Procrastination, or delaying necessary tasks, is one of the most widespread human behaviors. Empirical research indicates that approximately 20% of adults are chronic procrastinators, while estimates suggest that up to 95% of university students delay their work intermittently, with nearly half doing so perpetually. A comprehensive survey of over 2,500 adults in Germany revealed that this habit is most prevalent among individuals aged 14 to 29. The repercussions are significant: habitual procrastinators consistently report elevated stress levels, and delayed tasks frequently become more daunting the longer they remain unattended. So how can we effectively break this cycle?
Overcoming this tendency requires understanding why conventional remedies frequently prove ineffective. Many individuals attempt to counter procrastination with rigid schedules or exhaustive to-do lists. However, researchers such as psychologist Timothy Pychyl at Carleton University argue that procrastination is primarily an issue of emotional regulation rather than time management. People postpone a task because it evokes feelings of boredom, anxiety, or self-doubt, and avoiding it provides immediate emotional relief. Consequently, an effective strategy must focus on minimizing the initial emotional friction of beginning a task.
Several practical techniques are built upon this idea. [I] Deconstructing a daunting assignment into manageable increments, such as drafting a single paragraph, makes the objective appear far less intimidating. [II] Similarly, the "five-minute rule"—committing to work for a mere five minutes—capitalizes on the reality that initiation is typically the steepest hurdle, and many individuals continue working once momentum is established. [III] Removing accessible distractions, such as placing a smartphone in a separate room, eliminates the path of least resistance that the brain naturally seeks. [IV]
Perhaps the most counterintuitive solution is self-compassion. While many assume that self-criticism drives future discipline, research demonstrates the contrary. A 2010 study at Carleton University revealed that first-year students who forgave themselves for procrastinating before an initial exam were significantly less inclined to delay studying for subsequent ones. Guilt merely amplifies the negative emotions associated with the task. Instead of adopting a self-defeating mindset like "I am lazy," a far more productive approach is acknowledging, "I delayed this task, but I can begin now." Ultimately, conquering procrastination is less about enforcing rigorous willpower and more about managing emotions with self-awareness.
According to paragraph 1, what is a direct negative consequence of frequent procrastination?
Increased stress levels and greater difficulty in completing postponed work
A noticeable decline in academic grades across university courses
A loss of professional motivation among young adults aged 14 to 29
A higher likelihood of early habits turning into lifelong chronic issues
The word "chronic" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _____.
According to paragraph 2, what is NOT implied about traditional time-management techniques?
The phrase "this idea" in paragraph 3 refers to _____.
Where in paragraph 3 would the following sentence best fit?
"By creating an immediate sense of accomplishment, this initial step lowers the psychological friction of getting started."
Which of the following best summarizes paragraph 3?
What can be concluded about how one should deal with their own procrastination in paragraph 4?
According to the passage, all of the following are mentioned as facts about procrastination EXCEPT _____.
first-year students who practiced self-forgiveness tended to procrastinate less before subsequent exams
strict self-punishment has been shown to significantly reduce task avoidance behavior in university students
According to Timothy Pychyl, what is the underlying reason people choose to delay tasks?
Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
Read the following advertisement and choose the best answer for each blank.
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Working at such a massive event can be challenging. Not only you face fast-paced situations, but you will also interact with diverse groups of people. However, do not worry if you lack prior experience. We understand that it often takes a few days for new staff the basics, so comprehensive training will provided prior to the opening night. Our senior managers will gladly help you learn the quickly.
Your main duty is to ensure attendees have a fantastic time and to an unforgettable experience for every single guest. , staff members get free access to all live performances after their shifts.
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Choose the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text.
a. Tom: Hi, may I borrow your calculator for my math test today?
b. Lily: Sure, here it is, but please remember to give it back before tomorrow morning.
c. Tom: Thank you, that's very kind of you.
Choose the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text.
a. Ben: I always forget that checkbox! But would cooking my own meals really make that much of a difference?
b. Lisa: For sure! You'd instantly cut out all those single-use plastic containers and save a ton of money, too.
c. Ben: I just realized I'm piling up way too much trash from food delivery apps. I really need to break this habit.
d. Ben: That makes total sense. I'm definitely going to start meal prepping this weekend.
e. Lisa: It's awesome that you want to change! Why not try cooking in bulk or at least choosing the "no cutlery" option on the app?
e – a – b – c – d
b – c – e – a – d
Choose the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text.
Dear Customer Relations Team,
a. In addition, we had to spend a significant amount of money out of pocket booking last-minute hotel accommodations.
b. For an entire day, my family and I were left stranded at the airport without any official updates or assistance.
c. I am writing to express my severe disappointment regarding the unexpected cancellation of my flight to Tokyo last Friday.
d. I have attached all the relevant receipts and look forward to your prompt response.
e. Consequently, I expect full reimbursement for these extra expenses along with a formal apology from your airline.
Yours sincerely,
Michael Chang
a – b – c – d – e
Choose the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text.
a. Many everyday listeners actually prefer these computer-made songs over real music because of their catchy beats and perfect rhythms.
b. Keeping a real connection between human musicians and their fans remains a crucial need in this age of digital entertainment.
c. The huge success of fully automated pop playlists on recent global charts clearly shows this change in listening habits.
d. The growing number of AI-created tracks on streaming apps has started a serious debate about the future of human artists.
e. Perfect computer voices and flawless sounds, despite being so popular, still miss the true feelings that a real singer brings to a song.
b – c – a – e – d
e – d – a – c – b
Choose the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text.
a. Such coordinated efforts have successfully reduced the volume of fabric waste ending up in municipal landfills by nearly thirty percent.
b. Several major cities have launched comprehensive textile recycling initiatives to tackle this mounting environmental crisis.
c. This circular economy model simultaneously creates hundreds of green jobs for marginalized workers in the manufacturing sector.
d. These innovative programs set up convenient drop-off bins and partner with local factories to spin old garments into new threads.
e. Over the past decade, the rapid expansion of the fast fashion industry has resulted in millions of tons of discarded clothing.
a – b – e – d – c
d – e – b – a – c