______ happy in the new school, he missed his old friends.
______ we leave at 3:00, we should get there by 5:30.
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
I am sorry to keep you waiting. I hope you ______ long.
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
It's about time you ______ the balcony. It's covered in leaves and dust.
Don't be silly! That ______ possibly be David Beckham!
–“I locked myself out of my apartment. I didn't know what to do.”
–“You _____ your roommate.”
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
–“Did the principal of the school answer you yet?”
–“No, but ______ I hear from him by 5p.m, I’ll let you know.”
_____ help me make this decision. I’m just so unsure of which direction to take for my future.
______ we have enough money, where would you like to travel this summer?
Twenty people were arrested during the demonstration, of ______ four were charged with obstruction.
She was very appreciative ______ all the support she got from her friends.
Her latest novel is coming ______ in paperback soon.
As you’ve arrived late, you’ll have to _____ the time you have lost.
Mary is jealous _____ her sister because she is much more popular.
Your skirt needs taking ______; it's too large.
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
Can you make ______ the meaning of this passage?
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
He’s such a hard man to ______ as he’s always flitting from one site to another.
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
Don't be put ______ by his manner. He always acts that way.
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
His proposal met ______ total opposition from the committee.
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
You ought to stand ______ your little brother when the others tease him.
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
It is possible to ______ out of the pension scheme if you do not wish to participate.
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
She always gets what she wants because she knows how to ______ the rules.
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
Anthropologists have spent years studying the social system of this ______.
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
I tried to catch the mouse, but it was too ______.
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
I have no appetite and I am lethargic. I've been feeling under ______ for ages.
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
Peter does everything himself because he doesn’t like to ______ control.
I don't know how I can _____ up the courage to tell him the awful news.
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
I need to study more for the test. I don’t have a very good ______ of the material.
The weekend is over, so tomorrow morning it's back to the _____.
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
We could hear the monkeys ______ long before we reached their cage.
Bob is so short-tempered; he should try to _____ his anger.
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
The police ______ the woods looking for the lost child.
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
Don't mention work to Ray, as it's a sore ______ with him at the moment.
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
The couple ______ under the umbrella to keep dry.
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
A long, green snake ______ through the grass and disappeared.
This schedule isn’t final. It’s only ______.
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
My new pullover______ to half its previous size when I washed it.
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
The new accounting system ______ all my work useless.
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
Martin just loves to ______ his teeth into a really challenging crossword.
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
The doctor said that sweets should be eaten in ______.
Read the texts below and decide which answer best fits each space.
Passage A:
The case of food storage in tin cans illustrates how an invention can be successful even when it (41) ______a new problem for the one it solves. In 1810, Peter Durand (42) ______ tremendous progress in food preservation with his invention of the tin can. The cans were ideal for transporting food and for (43) ______ spoilage for extended periods. But consumers of canned food had to (44) ______ their own ingenuity to open the solidly constructed cans, which sometimes outweighed the foodstuffs inside. Durand’s solution had created a new problem, (45) ______ opening the cans. In the early days, the (46) ______ most favored was the brute force of a hammer and chisel. In 1858, Ezra Warner designed a crude and somewhat (47) ______can opener. Finally (48) ______ 1930, the safe design that underlies today’s common kitchen utensils had been invented. From the (49) ______ of their introduction, however, the problem of opening the can (50)______ not detract from their wide acceptance as a solution to the problem of food preservation.
Choose the correct answer for (41)
Choose the correct answer for (42)
Choose the correct answer for (43)
Choose the correct answer for (44)
Choose the correct answer for (45)
Choose the correct answer for (46)
Choose the correct answer for (47)
Choose the correct answer for (48)
Choose the correct answer for (49)
Choose the correct answer for (50)
Read the texts below and decide which answer best fits each space.
Passage B:
Two eyes help us to see in three dimensions; and two ears allow us to hear in stereo. If recent research findings are (51) ______, two nostrils function in (52)______ the same way. In the olfactory system, each nostril conveys to the brain a slightly different olfactory (53) ______ upon smelling an odor. What is perceived in combination is (54) ______ used by the brain to get a precise (55) ______ of what the odor is. The slight difference (56) ______ the olfactory images seems to occur (57) ______ the air flows at a different rate through each nostril, one of (58) ______ has a low flow-rate and the other a high one. Odors that dissolve slowly have their maximum effect in the (59) ______ that has a slow movement of air. Conversely, those that dissolve quickly have their (60) ______ effect when the air stream is moving rapidly. Thus, air drawn into the nose will give different responses in each nostril. Not yet well understood is how the brain processes the disparate olfactory images as a single recognizable aroma. Future studies will be needed to completely explain this phenomenon.
Choose the correct answer for (51)
Choose the correct answer for (52)
Choose the correct answer for (53)
Choose the correct answer for (54)
Choose the correct answer for (55)
Choose the correct answer for (56)
Choose the correct answer for (57)
Choose the correct answer for (58)
Choose the correct answer for (59)
Choose the correct answer for (60)
Read the texts below and choose the best answer to each question.
Recently, researchers conducted a survey to investigate what motivates young adults to exercise. The study might shed light on why so few college students exercise and why many stop their exercise workouts after they graduate. Researchers analyzed responses from 937 randomly selected college students at a leading U.S. university. What the research team found was that 39% of the male students and 26% of the female students exercised at least three days a week for 20 minutes at a time. These exercise patterns were fairly similar to those in surveys at other universities. The survey also revealed some critical factors which motivate college students to exercise.
Men who exercised regularly reported that their friends provided considerable support for them to do so. Those who exercised only occasionally had moderate support from their friends, while those who did not exercise at all had little or no support from friends. For women, however, the crucial motivating factor seemed to come from family members rather than from friends. Women who exercised regularly had a great deal of positive support to do so from their families. However, women who exercised only occasionally received moderate levels of encouragement from their families, while those who did not work out at all received little or no support from their families. Since college students often live far from home, women students are likely to have a weaker support system than do their male counterparts.
A medical professor, upon seeing the results of the study, remarked that generally there is not so much emphasis on body performance among girls and young women. “It’s a macho thing to be able to run faster or lift weights,” he said. “However,” he continued, “for the younger generation, this gender gap appears to be getting smaller.”
What is the main purpose of the study presented in this passage?
What research method was used in this study?
What similarity between men and women did the study find?
In comparison to the general college population, students at this university exercise ______.
Read the texts below and choose the best answer to each question.
Passage B
It has long been known that underweight, premature babies develop into children who perform worse at school than children who had normal birth weight and were full-term. A recent study examining the effects of birth weight on intelligence suggests that even among full-term babies the heavier ones have an advantage. The study has been following 3,900 British men and women since their birth in 1946. Birth weight was correlated with scores on tests of reading and arithmetic skills, non-verbal reasoning, memory, speed, and concentration. These tests were conducted when the participants were 8, 11, 15, 26, and 43 years old. Generally speaking, the heavier children performed better on the tests. The relationship was strongest at age 8 and then weakened over time. By age 43, the relationship was negligible. The results were not affected by birth order, gender, father’s social class, or mother’s education and age.
These findings must be interpreted with caution. First, the results were based on averages. Second, birth weight is only one of numerous factors influencing cognitive function. Parental interest in education - such as volunteering at school or helping with homework - may offset the effect of birth weight. Furthermore, poor environmental conditions, such as living in an overcrowded home, breathing polluted air, or being caught in a bitter divorce can diminish the early advantages enjoyed by heavier babies.
Although no one knows exactly what makes a newborn baby heavy, it is known that healthy, well-nourished mothers tend to have heavier babies, while those who eat poorly, smoke, and are heavy drinkers tend to produce smaller ones. There are probably several other variables that affect birth weight, but if and how those are connected to intelligence is not known.
In this study, the researchers examined the relationship between _______.
Read the texts below and choose the best answer to each question.
Passage C
Diving deep into the ocean is difficult for humans, although whales do it easily. The deepest a human has dived into the ocean without scuba gear is to 450 feet below the surface, which required him to hold his breath for about two minutes. Humans are unable to go much deeper because at a certain point the external pressure becomes so great it crushes the ribcage and lungs. Furthermore, lack of oxygen also prevents humans from staying under water for long periods. It is amazing, then, that whales can dive to depths of up to 10,000 feet and remain there for as long as two hours. Several adaptations enable the whale to do this, among them the construction of its ribcage. Unlike humans, whales have fewer “true” ribs, ribs joined directly to the breastbone, and more “floating” ribs, which are attached only to the preceding rib by cartilage. This flexible design allows the whale’s ribcage to fold under pressure instead of breaking, and for its lungs to collapse without rupturing capillaries. Also, during a dive, the whale’s heart slows to as low as 3 to 5 beats a minute. Arteries constrict, reducing blood flow to many of the whale’s less vital organs, thus conserving oxygen and maintaining blood pressure in the brain and heart. Humans emerging too suddenly from dives can suffer from “the bends,” when small bubbles of nitrogen gas form in body fluids and obstruct blood flow, leading to death. Because whales collapse their lungs, air is pushed from the lungs into the windpipe, which is lined with thick membranes, making it difficult for nitrogen bubbles to pass into the bloodstream or other tissues. Together, these and other adaptations enable whales to dive to such depths.
Compared to whales, humans have ______.
Read the texts below and choose the best answer to each question.
Passage D
Scientists have not been able to determine the exact age of the Earth directly from its rocks. Geologists have yet to find any of Earth’s original rocks that have not been recycled and destroyed through the process of plate tectonics. However, scientists have been able to determine the probable age of our solar system and to calculate an age for the Earth by looking elsewhere - to outer space. In doing so, they had to assume that the Earth and the rest of the solid bodies in our solar system formed at the same time and are the same age.
Asteroids in outer space have not been subjected to the crushing forces of plate tectonics. Meteorites, which are fragments of asteroids that fall to Earth, contain clues about planetary formation. Being primordial rocks still in their original state, they can be dated fairly accurately by measuring the radioactive elements remaining in them since the formation of the solar system. One group of scientists from Germany and another from France analyzed meteorites and reached the same conclusion: The final phase of Earth’s formation, the separation of its metallic core from its silicate-based mantle, occurred about 30 million years earlier than previously thought.
The ages of more than seventy meteorites have been measured using radiometric dating techniques. The results show that meteorites, and therefore presumably Earth, formed about 4.5 billion years ago. These findings also push back the origin of Earth’s moon because most scientists believe that the Moon formed from material ejected when a Mars-sized planet collided with Earth. The fact that these conclusions about the age of the Earth were reached by two independent groups of scientists increases the weight of the findings.
The following passage contains 10 errors. Identify and correct them.
BEWARE OF VITAMINS!
Vitamins are good for our health, aren't they? Perhaps not. New research suggests that rather than ward off disease, high doses of certain vitamins may make more harm than good and could even put you in an early grave. Some recent studies suggest that far from improving health, these vitamins, when taken at very high doses, may actually increase the risks of cancer and a range of debilitating diseases, a discovery that has sent the medicinal world into a spin. Scientists are unsure as to when vitamins, so essential to health, can be toxic in high doses. The most likely explanation is that the body is only equipped to deal with the levels found naturally in the environment. If the intake is too far for the normal range, then the body's internal chemistry must be shunted out of alignment. What this means is that the commercially sold vitamins and those provided by nature is not always compatible. The commercial forms may interfere with the body's internal chemistry by “crowding out” the most natural and beneficial forms of the nutrients. The vitamins obtained in food are also allied with a host of other substances which may moderate or augment its activity in the body. The latest advice is to eat a balance diet to ensure you get all the nutrients you need, and if you must take supplements make sure you take the lowest recommended dose and follow the instructions on the bottle.
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Read the texts below and complete each space with ONE suitable word.
Fallingwater is recognized as one of the most unique and innovative of American architecture of the 20th century. Designed in 1935 by architect Frank Lloyd Wright, this beautiful house in western Pennsylvania is actually built over a waterfall. Wright placed the house above the waterfall by anchoring it to the next to the falls with concrete “trays,” mimic the natural shape of rock ledges. As a(n) , the house appears to be suspended above the waterfall, which cascades underneath it. Wright took much care in Fallingwater as harmonious with nature as possible by linking the house to its natural surroundings. He placed large windows on opposite sides of the main rooms so that the breeze and of the water could flow through the house hindrance. Wright also proposed covering the building in gold leaf in to imitate the color of dying plants, and thereby connect the house to the of seasons and the passage of time. Furthermore, he added a of outdoor terraces where people could enjoy the cool air of the wooded valley. Today, Fallingwater is open to the public with its original setting, furnishings, and artwork intact.
Read the texts below and complete each space with ONE suitable word.
Passage B
Global warming may be threatening one of the world’s most important crops: rice. Increased nighttime temperatures are associated with significant declines in crop , according to a study conducted by researchers at the International Rice Institute. The researchers analyzed twelve years of rice production along with twenty-five years of temperature data. This study, a direct measurement of yields produced under normal field conditions, using that good farmers normally employ, has confirmed previous simulations and suggests that increases due to global warming will make it increasingly difficult to feed the Earth’s growing population. Average temperatures, which increased 0.35 degrees Celsius over the of the study, have little effect on rice production. However, a strong correlation exists between warmer nighttime temperatures, which have risen an average of 1.1 degrees, decreasing rice yields. Although the underlying of this relationship is unknown, researchers speculate that plants work harder to maintain themselves in to the warmer nights and consequently divert energy from growth. Thus, an average of just one degree Celsius can in a ten percent reduction in yields. Similar findings have been reported for corn and soybean yields in the United States.
Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given.
People know more about my novels than the plays I write. (BETTER)
=> I'm ....
Complete the second sentence using the word given so that it has the same meaning to the first.
The staff hated his new policies intensely and so went on strike. (HATRED)
=> So intense ..........
Rewrite the following sentences using the words given.
There is someone in the office twenty-four hours a day. (STAFFED)
=> The office .....
Rewrite the following sentences using the words given.
Do you think her grandmother was offended by what I said? (EXCEPTION)
=> Do you think .....?
Rewrite the following sentences using the words given.
His behavior at the conference gave him the bad reputation he now has. (CONDUCTED)
=> The way ........
Rewrite the following sentences using the words given.
Unless we can obtain more information, we can't process your claim. (FORTHCOMING)
=> Unless further......
Rewrite the following sentences using the words given.
Our teacher thinks it would be better to get on as quickly as possible. (MUCH)
==>Our teacher would prefer us .......
Rewrite the following sentences using the words given.
I had to wait for the manager for almost an hour before he would see me. (BEST)
=> The manager kept ......
Complete the second sentence, using the word given so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Do NOT change the word given in brackets in any way.
They remain close friends despite having had many arguments. (FALL)
=> Frequently as ..........
PART 2: Complete the passage with the appropriate forms from the words given in the box.
| COMPLICATE STAND DINE WELCOME DEPEND OCCUR DEFEND TERROR DELICATE EXPOSE |
POISONOUS SEALIFE
One of the most lethal poisons on Earth, ten thousand times more deadly than cyanide, is tetrodotoxin, more concisely known as TTX. Its potency is well known in East Asia, where it regularly kills who have braved the capricious known as puffer fish. This toxin has a method of operation: twenty-five minutes after , it begins to paralyse its victims, leaving the victim fully aware of what is happening. Death usually results, within hours, from suffocation or heart failure. There is no known antidote. If lucky patients can the symptoms for twenty-four hours, they usually recover without further . It is no ordinary poison. What is strange about its is that it is found in such a wide range of creatures, from algae to angelfish spanning entire kingdoms of life. It is rather unlikely that such an unusual toxin evolved in so many unrelated animals. Marine biologists have discovered that the poison is produced by bacteria living in the gut of its host. The best explanation is that a symbiotic relationship exists between host and the not guest, where microbes exchange poison for nutrients, providing a valuable weapon for its host.
Complete the following sentence, using the correct form of the word in parentheses.
They were in search of archaeological remains. (DATE)
Complete the following sentence, using the correct form of the word in parentheses.
He always gets aggression when he’s drunk. (RESTRAIN)
Complete the sentence by changing the form of the word in capitals.
She sang the first three verses with a piano and the last verse . (COMPANY)
Complete the following sentence, using the correct form of the word in parentheses.
I really didn't mean to offend her - I just said it . (THINK)
Complete the sentence by changing the form of the word in capitals.
They were accused of in their treatment of the hostages. (HUMAN)
Complete the following sentence, using the correct form of the word in parentheses.
Alcohol is a factor in 10% of all road accidents. (CONTRIBUTE)
Complete the following sentence, using the correct form of the word in parentheses.
He had to face up to his own as a father. (ADEQUATE)
Complete the following sentence, using the correct form of the word in parentheses.
It was a step in the right direction. (QUESTION)
Complete the sentence by changing the form of the word in capitals.
During the outbreak, hospital beds were scarce and medicines were practically . (EXIST)