Stealing Ideas from Mother Nature

5/4/2023 6:00:00 AM
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The Future is Ancient

Why the most advanced modern technology is actually just a copy of the prehistoric past.

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Stealing Ideas from Mother Nature

Human beings often boast about being the most ingenious species on Earth. We build skyscrapers that pierce the clouds and devices that connect us across oceans. However, in the grand timeline of history, our research and development phase is merely a drop in the ocean compared to nature’s 3.8 billion years of trial and error. Today, an increasing number of scientists and engineers are realizing that the answers to our most complex problems may not lie in a computer chip, but in the natural world outside our windows. This discipline is called biomimicry.

Biomimicry is not simply about capturing the aesthetic beauty of nature; it is about analyzing its function. It asks a simple question: "How would nature solve this?" For instance, consider the Japanese Shinkansen, or bullet train. In the 1990s, engineers encountered a significant stumbling block: the trains created a thunderous "sonic boom" when exiting tunnels due to air pressure buildup. The remedy did not come from advanced mathematics, but from birdwatching. The chief engineer, a bird enthusiast, observed how the Kingfisher dives into the water with barely a splash. He redesigned the train’s nose to emulate the bird’s beak. This new design killed two birds with one stone, resulting in a train that was not only quieter but also more energy-efficient.

Beyond engineering, nature is also helping to revolutionize healthcare. For years, hospitals have fought a war against bacteria, often employing harsh chemicals. Researchers, however, decided to look at sharks. Unlike whales, sharks stay remarkably free of algae and barnacles. Upon closer inspection, it was revealed that shark skin is not smooth; it is covered in microscopic patterns called denticles that prevent bacteria from attaching. [] By replicating this texture on plastic surfaces, hospitals can now keep infections at bay without using a single drop of chemical cleanser.

This approach marks a sea change in mindset. For the last two centuries, the industrial age has been dominated by a "heat, beat, and treat" philosophy—forcing raw materials into submission using massive amounts of energy. Nature, by contrast, relies on sustainable geometry and passive energy. It builds robust structures like seashells using locally available minerals and ambient temperature.

However, translating biology into technology is no walk in the park. We cannot simply duplicate a bird’s wing and expect it to work on a Boeing 747. The challenge lies in comprehending the deep principles of aerodynamics and material science that make the wing work. It requires engineers to be humble enough to admit that sometimes, we do not need to reinvent the wheel, as the best ideas have already been invented.

As we face global challenges like climate change and resource scarcity, biomimicry offers a promising path forward. It suggests that if we wish to survive in the long run, we must stop treating nature as a warehouse of resources and start treating it as a library of knowledge.

What is the main idea of the passage?
  • Many technological breakthroughs were accidental discoveries made by scientists observing animals.
  • Biomimicry shows how studying nature’s solutions can inspire sustainable innovations in technology and design.
  • Modern engineering has reached a point where natural systems are being replaced by advanced computation.
  • Nature is aesthetically impressive, but difficult to adapt effectively for large-scale industrial use in practice.
According to the passage, why are scientists and engineers turning their attention to nature?
  • Because nature has had far more time to develop effective solutions through evolution.
  • Because modern technology has reached its limits and can no longer solve complex problems.
  • Because natural systems are cheaper to study than computer-based research models.
  • Because public interest has shifted away from digital innovation toward environmental studies.
Which of the following had NOT been fully achieved by engineers before studying the Kingfisher?
  • A train that operated more quietly while consuming less energy
  • The creation of trains capable of traveling at very high speeds
  • The design of comfortable seating for long-distance travel
  • The complete prevention of sonic booms when trains exit tunnels
The word "stumbling block" in the second paragraph is CLOSEST in meaning to _____.
  • obstacle
  • shortcut
  • advantage
  • routine
Which sentence fits best into the [] in the third paragraph?
  • These natural textures inspired researchers to rethink conventional cleaning methods.
  • Scientists have long searched for non-chemical ways to control hospital infections.
  • This surface structure makes it difficult for microorganisms to settle and grow.
  • Sharks have evolved physical adaptations that help them survive in hostile environments.
The passage mentions all of the following examples of biomimicry EXCEPT _____.
  • a train design inspired by the beak of a bird
  • a bacteria-resistant surface inspired by shark skin
  • a hospital cleaning method inspired by whale skin
  • a durable structure similar to seashells
It can be inferred from the passage that _____.
  • human technology is progressively drawing inspiration and solutions from natural systems
  • hospitals are increasingly reducing their reliance on chemical-based cleaning methods
  • biology and engineering are becoming more obviously separated in modern innovation
  • traditional manufacturing methods are gradually becoming less central in industry
This passage is most likely taken from _____.
  • a corporate report outlining recent environmental projects
  • a science magazine discussing nature-inspired innovation
  • a technical engineering manual focused on alternative machines
  • a scientist's research about scientific discoveries and his career

Complete the summary using the list of words below. Write the correct letter, A-H, in each blank.

A. repository

B. arrangement

C. renewable

D. inventory

E. repeating

F. remedies

G. wasteful

H. imitating


While humanity prides itself on its technological feats, the field of biomimicry suggests that biological evolution offers superior . Instead of relying purely on artificial intelligence, designers are looking at how natural systems function. A famous example is the redesign of high-speed trains, which successfully eliminated noise issues by the physical structure of a bird’s beak. Similarly, medical environments have benefited from studying aquatic life. By mimicking the unique of shark skin, scientists have developed ways to block harmful microbes without toxic substances. This indicates a move away from energy-heavy industrial processes toward more methods. Ultimately, this shift requires a new perspective: viewing the environment as a of wisdom rather than just a supply of raw materials.

🚀 VOCABULARY BOOSTER

Build your vocabulary by learning these intensive idioms used in the text Stealing Ideas from Mother Nature.

He offered to lend me $100, but that is just _____ compared to the $5,000 I need to pay off my tuition fees.

  • a turning point
  • a drop in the ocean
  • a blessing in disguise
  • a step in the right direction

Choose the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s).

The first part of the exam was a walk in the park, but the final section was much more challenging.

  • tough
  • manageable
  • undemanding
  • complicated

Choose the sentence that is CLOSEST in meaning to the sentence given.

She found that listening to music was the best way to keep her anxiety at bay during long flights.

  • She used music as a tool to control and minimize her feelings of nervousness while flying.
  • She avoided feeling anxious by refusing to think about long flights and listening to music.
  • She listened to music on long flights because it made the journey more enjoyable.
  • She relied on music to distract herself whenever she felt anxious while flying for long hours.

A software team is spending weeks designing a basic login system, even though a reliable and widely used solution already exists and could be easily adapted.

Which expression best describes the team’s approach?

  • Break new ground
  • Cut corners
  • Reinvent the wheel
  • Think outside the box

Find and correct one mistake in this sentence.

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