Read the passage and complete the following sentences.
Freya Stark, explorer and writer
Freya Stark travelled to many areas of the Middle East, often alone.
Freya Stark was an explorer who lived during a time when explorers were regarded as heroes. She travelled to distant areas of the Middle East, where few Europeans - especially women - had travelled before. She also travelled extensively in Turkey, Greece, Italy, Nepal and Afghanistan.
Stark was born in Paris in 1893. Although she had no formal education as a child, she moved about with her artist parents and learned French, German and Italian. She entered London University in 1912, but at the start of World War I, she joined the nurse corps and was sent to Italy. After the war, she returned to London and attended the School of Oriental Studies. Her studies there led to extensive travel in the Middle East, enabling her to eventually become fluent in Persian, Russian and Turkish.
Stark became well-known as a traveller and explorer in the Middle East. She travelled to the Lebanon in 1927 at the age of 33 when she had saved enough money, and while there, she studied Arabic. In 1982, she travelled by donkey to the Jebel Druze, a mountainous area in Syria. During another trip, she went to a distant region of the Elburz, a mountain range in Iran, where she made a map. She was searching for information about an ancient Muslim sect known as the Assassins, which she wrote about in Valley of the Assassins (1934), a classic for which she was awarded a Gold Medal by the Royal Geographic Society. For the next 12 years, she continued her career as a traveller and writer, establishing a style which combined an account of her journeys with personal commentary on the people, places, customs, history and politics of the Middle East.
(Adapted from Science and its times, 2000)
Complete the flow chart. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.
Freya Stark
Born in Paris in 1893
↓
First formal education at
↓
Worked as a in Italy
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Studied at School of Oriental Studies
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Travelled to the Lebanon, where she learned
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Made a journey to the Syrian mountains on a
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In 1934, won a for a book
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Spent a further in the Middle East
Read and answer the following questions. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.
1. What word did people use to describe explorers when Stark was alive?
2. What historical event interrupted Stark's university education?
3. What did Stark produce while travelling in Iran, in addition to a book?
4. What group of people did Stark research in Iran?
Listen and complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
Name: Sanjay
Age:
Occupation:
Other expeditions:
Special skills:
Qualifications:
Free-time activities:
Read the passage and complete the following gaps. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each one.
The Amazon expedition, which took six months and covered a distance of almost 2,500 kilometres, was a great success. The group discovered some new plant and insect species, as well as a forest tribe which people had never heard of. Malone enjoyed the trip so much that he decided to become a full-time explorer. He earned money by writing travel articles for magazines and newspapers, which he illustrated with his own photographs.
In 1996, he married Margaret Logan, an American doctor he had met while travelling around Africa. In 1998, they had Adam, the first of three children (twins Amelia and Jennifer were born a year later). Many families at this stage would settle down, but Margaret and Patrick decided to keep travelling, spending two years walking around India and another twelve months exploring the islands of Indonesia.
When they returned home, they wrote a magazine article about travelling with small children. It was so popular that they were asked to write several more articles on the same subject. This was followed by an offer from a television company to present a TV series about travelling with children. The series ran for 12 years and won several television awards. Today, they still make the most of every opportunity to travel and have recently returned from the South Pacific.
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Travelled 2,500 kilometres through the Amazon. ↓ a tribe that nobody knew existed. ↓ someone he met on a trip. ↓ They had : Adam, Amelia and Jennifer. ↓ Explored the Indonesian islands for . ↓ Made a successful . ↓ Still likes to whenever possible. |
Read the passage.
Sylvia Earle, underwater hero
She has spent her working life studying the world's oceans
Sylvia Earle is an underwater explorer and marine biologist who was born in the USA in 1935. She became interested in the world's oceans from an early age. As a child, she liked to stand on the beach for hours and look at the sea, wondering what it must be like under the surface.
When she was 16, she finally got a chance to make her first dive. It was this dive that inspired her to become an underwater explorer. Since then, she has spent more than 6,500 hours under water, and has led more than seventy expeditions worldwide. She has also made the deepest dive ever, reaching a record-breaking depth of 381 metres.
In 1970, she became famous around the world when she became the captain of the first all-female team to live under water. The team spent two weeks in an underwater 'house'. The research they carried out showed the damage that pollution was causing to marine life, and especially to coral reefs. Her team also studied the problem of over-fishing. Fishing methods meant that people were catching too many fish, Earle warned, and many species were in danger of becoming extinct.
Since then she has written several books and magazine articles in which she suggests ways of reducing the damage that is being done to the world's oceans. One way, she believes, is to rely on fish farms for seafood, and reduce the amount of fishing that is done out at sea. Although she no longer eats seafood herself, she realises the importance it plays in our diets. It would be wrong to tell people they should stop eating fish from the sea, she says. However, they need to reduce the impact they are having on the ocean's supplies.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER FROM THE PASSAGE for each answer.
1. What career did Sylvia decide to follow after her first dive?
2. How far under water did she go in order to break a world record?
3. What was causing harm to everything living in the sea?
4. Where does Sylvia think we should get our fish from?
Now decide if these statements are TRUE, FALSE or NOT GIVEN according to the information in the passage.
1. Sylvia Earle lives in the USA.
2. Until 1970, nobody had lived underwater before.
3. Sylvia Earle was worried about the amount of fish that were being caught.
4. Her books offer some solutions to marine problems.
5. She thinks people should avoid eating seafood.
Listen to the conversation and complete the notes. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
Magazine interview
Name: Tom
Occupation:
Has written
Crossed Gobi desert in
Title of latest book: 'Has Anyone Seen ?'
Has won 'Travel Book of ' award.
Date of interview: Friday
Contact number: (call to arrange time)
Place of interview: , Summertown
See his for more information.