[IELTS 5.] Unit 16.1 - Grammar

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Fill in the gaps with it, its, itself, they, their or themselves.

Anatomy of a bat

The entire wing of a bat is called the patagium. Many species also have a membrane between ...their... hind limbs enclosing the tail. The patagium is full of fine blood vessels, muscle fibres and nerves. When it is cold, these bats wrap 2.1 up in 2.2 wings like a coat. In warm weather, 2.3 flap 2.4 wings in order to cool 2.5 bodies.

The bat has claws on 2.6 thumbs and sometimes on the toes of 2.7 fore and hind limbs. The rear claws enable 2.8 to hang 2.9 on to a tree branch or ledge.

All bats are active at night or at twillight, so 2.10 eyes are poorly developed. Instead 2.11 use 2.12 nose and ears to orientate 2.13.

Fill in the gaps with a suitable pronoun or there.

Teacher: Do you think that governments spend too much on space exploration nowadays?

Student: Well, I think that ...there... are a lot of different factors to take into consideration. For example some countries want to show the rest of the world that 3.1 are successful and 3.2 can do this with a space exploration program. 3.3 seems that 3.4 is more important for these countries to impress the world than to look after their own people. Sometimes 3.5 is difficult to understand this because every country in the world has 3.6 problems and has poor people that need to be looked after because they can't look after 3.7. So, yes I do think that these countries should look after people first before 3.8 start trying to send men to the moon! 3.9 are too many other problems here on earth that we need to sort out.

Choose the correct words in each gaps.

There are many reasons why ...we... should recycle household waste. The main reason is to avoid using up valuable resources making new things when 4.1it iswe are not necessary. However, I do not think the government should make 4.2itthe law compulsory for people to recycle their waste.

If the government makes a law that all households must recycle 4.3theirits rubbish, 4.4itthe law could lead to more problems. For example, how can 4.5peopleyou check that people are recycling everything? 4.6To do this is not practicalIt is not practical to do this. In addition, there is the argument that individuals should be allowed to decide for 4.7themselveseach other whether to throw something away or to recycle 4.8itsomething.

I believe the most sensible approach is for goverment to put more money into recycling schemes. The most successful are 4.9themthe ones where the government gives each household special boxes to put different kinds of waste in, and 4.10the govermentthey provide a regular collection service. 4.11ThereThey are separate boxes for plastic, metal, glass etc. This makes 4.12to recycle easier for peopleit easier for people to recycle and 4.13theythere are therefore less likely to throw things in the rubbish bin.