[IELTS 5.] Unit 18.1 - Grammar

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Read the test task. Fill in the gaps in the model answer with the verbs in the box in the passive.

The flowchart below shows how banana chips are made. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and making comparisons where relevant.

The flowchart shows how banana chips are made. First, the bananas 1.1 by a special machine, and then they 1.2 in water. Next, the clean bananas 1.3 into a chipping machine where they 1.4 into thin chips. After this, they 1.5. Once they are dry, the banana chips 1.6 in hot oil in large deep fat fryers. The cooked banana chips 1.7 from the fryers using a special sieve which allows all of the oil to drain off. The banana chips 1.8 (then) to cool. When they have reached the right temperature, spices 1.9 for extra taste. Finally, the banana chips are packaged ready to 1.10 around the world and 1.11.

Fill in the gaps with an appropriate form of the verb in brackets.

1. For a long time, people 2.1 (think) the giant panda was a type of raccoon.

2. At the beginning of the experiment, the chemicals 2.2 (place) in the beaker.

3. In medieval times, the earth 2.3 (believe) to be flat.

4. Up until now, students 2.4 (allow) to wear what they want, but the new headteacher has decided to introduce a uniform.

5. I can't drive you to the airport because my car 2.5 (service) tomorrow.

6. Next year, the new theatre 2.6 (open) by some of Britain's biggest acting stars.

7. It 2.7 (expect) that the President will resign due to the recent revelations.

8. Chocolate 2.8 (make) from the bean of the cacao tree.

9. This report 2.9 (claim) that there is corruption throughout the company.

10. Several students 2.10 (know) to have cheated in their exams.

11. People need 2.11 (encourage) to use public transport if we want to reduce our carbon emissions.

12. I went on holiday because I really needed 2.12 (take) a break.

Choose the correct words in each blank.

Air pollution in cities is growing at an alarming rate. What measures could be taken to address this problem?

Air pollution can 3.1be defineddefine as the addition of something harmful to the air at a faster rate than it can 3.2be absorbedabsorb. Everyone should be concerned about air pollution. It 3.3affectsis affected us all, and as it 3.4is continuedcontinues to worsen, so the environmental impact increases.

One of the major causes of air pollution in cities is car use. Cars 3.5are useduse for even the shortest of journeys, and all efforts by governments to encourage people 3.6to be usedto use public transport seem to be failing. The industry is another major cause of pollution in our cities, but fortunately, new industrial sites 3.7are being builtare building away from large urban centers.

It 3.8is saidsays that there are too many contributing factors for us 3.9to be decidedto decide exactly which one is the main problem, but I believe that one of the most serious problems that need 3.10tacklingto tackle is the use of the car. In some cities laws 3.11have been passedhave passed concerning car use. Athens, for example, only 3.12is allowedallows a certain number of cars into the city center each day. In my opinion, this is a good idea. With this kind of law, people have no choice and 3.13forceare forced to use buses and trains. This ensures that governments 3.14knowis known that public transport 3.15will usewill be used, and can therefore justify the investment and expense of ensuring the system works properly.

Another thing governments could do is to force people to 3.16check their carshave their cars checked for carbon emissions and fine people with cars that produce high levels of harmful gases.

The diagram shows how fruit is canned.

Look at these sentences describing the flowchart. Rewrite them using a passive verb.

They allow the cans to cool.

Passive:

They sterilize the cans using a special heating process.

Passive:

They take the fruit to the cannery in large trucks.

Passive:

They check the fruit before storage and they reject any poor quality fruit.

Passive:

Choose the underlined part that needs correction.

There are many benefits that we may be gained by actually taking the time to read a book instead of sitting in front of the TV or doing some other forms of mindless entertainment.

Choose the underlined part that needs correction.

The sport was become very popular in Europe and by the late 70’s there was windsurfing fever in Europe with one in every three households having a sailboard.

Choose the underlined part that needs correction.

Since 1984 the sport has included in the Olympic Games as part of the yachting events.

Choose the underlined part that needs correction.

Windsurfing, which is a water sport combining elements of surfing and sailing, first developed in the United States in 1968 and also called boardsailing.

Choose the sentence that is closest in meaning to this sentence.

Many people think Jim stole the bike.