Listen and complete the task.
Complete the notes.
Write ONE WORD OR A NUMBER for each answer.
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Celebrating 20 years! (Example) Budget for meal ($): Meal C:
Meal D:
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Read the text and do the task.
How atoms were discovered
Hundreds of years ago in 1785 Dutch scientist Jan Ingenhousz was studying a strange phenomenon that he couldn’t quite make sense of. Minute particles of coal dust were darting about on the surface of some alcohol in his lab.
About 50 years later, in 1827, the Scottish botanist Robert Brown described something curiously similar. He had his microscope trained on some pollen grains. Brown noticed that some of the grains released tiny particles – which would then move away from the pollen grain in a random jittery dance.
At first, Brown wondered if the particles were really some sort of unknown organism. He repeated the experiment with other substances like rock dust, which he knew wasn’t alive, and saw the same strange motion again.
It would take almost another century for science to offer an explanation. Einstein came along and developed a mathematical formula that would predict this very particular type of movement – by then called Brownian motion, after Robert Brown.
Einstein’s theory was that the particles from the pollen grains were being moved around because they were constantly crashing into millions of tinier molecules of water – molecules that were made of atoms.
By 1908, observations backed with calculations had confirmed that atoms were real. Within about a decade, physicists would be able to go further. By pulling apart individual atoms they began to get a sense of their internal structure.
It might come as a surprise that atoms can be broken down – particularly since the very name atom derives from a Greek term “atomos”, which means “indivisible”. But physicists now know that atoms are not solid little balls. It’s better to think of them as tiny electrical, “planetary” systems. They’re typically made up of three main parts: protons, neutrons and electrons. Think of the protons and neutrons as together forming a “sun”, or nucleus, at the centre of the system. The electrons orbit this nucleus, like planets.
Adapted from IELTS-up
Complete the sentences below.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.
1. The type of random jittery movement of tiny particles is called .
2. Einstein explained the phenomenon of particles' strange motion by the fact that they were collapsing with .
3. Nowadays, scientists consider atoms' structures similar to tiny .
4. are parts that are circling around the nucleus.
Listen and choose the correct answer.
The function will take place on the _____.
It will start at _____.
The dress code will be _____.
Guests can _____.
Guests should bring a _____.
Read the text and do the task.
The Bristol International Balloon Fiesta
The Bristol International Balloon Fiesta is held annually in England. Teams from the UK and other parts of the world bring their hot air balloons to the site and participate in mass ascents where as many as 100 balloons may launch at a time.
The event was first held in 1979 and is now one of the largest in Europe. It is common to have crowds of over 100,000 on each of the four days of the festival. It takes place in a large country estate Ashton Court. Mass launches are made twice a day, at 6 am and 6 pm, subject to weather conditions.
One popular attraction is the night glow, when balloons are inflated and glow to music after dark. These are held on the opening Thursday night at approximately 9:30 pm, followed by a spectacular fireworks display. There is another night glow at the same time followed by the fireworks on the Saturday night. Some people see these as the highlight of the fiesta.
The balloon makers Cameron Balloons are near to the fiesta site, in Bedminster, and make many of the special shaped balloons, which have included Rupert the Bear, The Scottish Piper, Bertie Bassett, the Tesco Trolley, Stuart the Minion, and the BBC One Balloon. Many interestingly shaped balloons have also attended the fiesta from abroad, over the years a UFO and a beaver have travelled from the USA, a kiwi bird from New Zealand, and an upside down balloon from the Netherlands.
Adapted from IELTS Tutors
Decide if the following statements are TRUE, FALSE or NOT GIVEN.
1. The largest mass balloon ascent ever occurred at the Bristol International Balloon Fiesta.
2. If the meteorological situation is acceptable, then more than one mass launch of balloons can occur per day.
3. A night glow event takes place on each evening of the festival.
4. One company is responsible for all of the balloons at the festival.