Complete the notes below.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
Guide for Peak District
Peak District’s location: five miles from Sheffield
Main attractions:
Bakewell Town is known for local food:
Chatsworth House has formal gardens and
The heart of Peak District is the Peak District
The most famous cavern in Castleton is called
Listen to the audio and do the tasks.
What is the speaker's opinion of political factors in social change in Britain?
Many people moved to towns in the 19th century because of _____.
One result of education becoming compulsory was that _____.
What has been an effect of people moving into the countryside recently?
What does the lecturer regard as the main characteristic of an 'urban village'?
Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others.
exactitude
algebra
Manila
tranquil
Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others.
behalf
aisle
salmon
yolk
Choose the word that differs from the rest in the position of the main stress.
Choose the word that differs from the rest in the position of the main stress.
_____ for the eventual arrival of the ferry, a fight would have broken out among the passengers.
As we failed to reach a consensus on which is more suitable, there's no choice but _____ and come up with something new.
The school was closed for a month because of serious _____ of fever.
Alice should not stay under the sunshine because her skin is so _____.
The team captain gave his teammates a _____ on their hard work and dedication.
Despite the fog, we were able to discern a _____ of cottages in the distance.
When we start work in the morning, I usually _____ at the schedule for the whole day.
Last weekend, _____ nothing to watch on television, we sang karaoke together.
Your _____ depends on such things as your genes, behaviors, attitudes, environment, and a little bit of luck.
The insects looked and tasted so horrible, I ______ with disgust as I tried to force them down.
Not being _____ for a while, the researcher now wants to attend conferences to get up to date on the integration of machine learning advances in her field.
A small part of the Large Cloud of Magellan extends into Mensa, but otherwise there is _____ nothing here of interest.
Fill in each of the blanks in the following passage with ONE suitable word.
People who are of sleep lose energy and become quick-tempered. After two days without sleep, a person finds lengthy concentration becomes difficult. He can force to perform tasks well for short periods, but he is easily from them. He makes many , especially at routine tasks, and his attention slips at . Every “sleepless” person experiences periods in which he off for a few seconds or more. He completely asleep unless he is kept active continuously.
People who go on suffering sleep deprivation more than three days have great trouble thinking, seeing and hearing clearly. They have periods of hallucination during which they see things that do not really exist. They also confuse day-dreams with real life and track of their thoughts in the middle of a sentence.
Read the text and choose the best answer to fill in the blanks.
THE TRUTH BEHIND A SMILE
People smile a great deal, and we seem to know instinctively that some smiles are more genuine than others. But is there any scientific for this? Recent research suggests that a mechanism in the brain can help us whether a smile is really heartfelt - or whether it is just being on for show.
to various long-held traditions, a genuine smile involves the eyes as well as the mouth. In the nineteenth century, a French anatomist to prove this. He used electrodes to stimulate the facial muscles of volunteers, creating false smiles. He found that real smiles were always with the contraction of muscle around the eye, but that his artificially induced ones were not.
During more recent research, volunteers were shown a variety of human facial expressions, and the reactions to these were monitored. When they were shown a happy face, 35% of the volunteers immediately started looking at the eye area, checking for tell-tale crinkles that would that the smile was genuine, but when shown a sad or neutral face, they did not. So why did the human brain evolve to between real and false smiles? It could be that this ability to a quick assessment of a smile has an important role to play in successful communication. A genuine smile serves as a gesture of conciliation in conflict, and it's important to know whether we are really being offered a truce or not.
Complete the sentence by changing the form of the word in capitals.
By some extraordinary , I sat down right opposite one of my old friends on the train. (COINCIDE)
Complete the sentence by changing the form of the word in capitals.
Contrary to what I had expected, my first journey to Antarctica was . (EVENT)
Complete the sentence by changing the form of the word in capitals.
The attack in the city center last night the kind of behavior amongst young people that many object to. (EXAMPLE)
Complete the sentence by changing the form of the word in capitals.
When he drinks too much, he becomes moody and . (QUARREL)
Complete the sentence by changing the form of the word in capitals.
John Sterinbeck is an American writer who is well-known for masterly . (CHARACTER)
Fill in the blank with a suitable preposition or particle.
The police arrived immediately after the call and caught the burglar the spot.
Fill in the blank with a suitable preposition or particle.
How could you stand and watch him beat the children like that?
Fill in the blank with a suitable preposition or particle.
If you want tickets to the game, you’ll have to be quick the mark.
Fill in the blank with a suitable preposition or particle.
She always keeps a small notepad in her bag to jot any creative ideas or to-do tasks that pop into her head.
Fill in the blank with a suitable preposition or particle.
It's advisable you put some money every month to prepare for your retirement.
Reading the text and answer the following questions.
Even with all the facts you’ve learned so far, I’m sure you still have some nagging doubts about the many stories you’ve heard about how others sleep, things you can do to get better sleep, and what sleep really does for you. Many of these tales are left over from before researchers began to study and understand sleep. Before we address how to improve your sleep habits, let’s clear up some of the most common sleep myths.
You Need Less Sleep as You Get Older
As children, many of us had grandparents who always seemed to be up at the crack of dawn, cleaning the house and making a glorious breakfast. So it seemed as if older people didn’t need as much sleep as other adults. This memory overlooks a couple of things: Grandma and Grandpa were probably in bed by 9 p.m., and they often disappeared in the early afternoon to take a nap. In truth, older people need just as much as sleep as younger adults. They may have trouble getting it because they wake up more frequently during the night, but total sleep need does not decrease much with age.
I Can Get by Fine on Five or Six Hours of Sleep
It’s true that a small percentage of people are short-sleepers who only need five or six hours of sleep per night. However, sometimes it seems as if two-thirds of the population believe they belong to this select group. The overwhelming majority of people need seven to nine hours a night, so the chances are relatively small that any particular individual is truly a short sleeper. To calculate your sleep need, follow the instructions in Chapter 3. If you need eight hours a night but only get six, you can usually carry on for a day or two. After a few days, you’ll start to show signs of sleep deprivation, such as daytime drowsiness, irritability, and decreased productivity, and you’ll also place yourself at a higher risk for safety problems at work and behind the wheel.
You Can Learn to Get by on Less Sleep
Unfortunately, there’s no way to train the body to reduce its sleep need. Studies on chronic partial sleep deprivation, restricting people to only four or five hours of sleep for several weeks, found that people continue to get sleepier and their performance becomes more impaired the longer the study goes on. There is no plateau or limit to how sleepy and impaired they get. To meet a job deadline or study for a final exam you may be able to function on less sleep, but you will feel more tired, work less efficiently, and get less done.
(Adapted from Canadian Living)
What is the phrase "at the crack of dawn" in paragraph 2 closet in meaning to?
What does the author imply when saying: "This memory overlooks a couple of things: Grandma and Grandpa were probably in bed by 9 p.m., and they often: disappeared in the early afternoon to take a nap” in paragraph 2?
What does the phrase “this select group" in paragraph 3 refer to?
What is NOT mentioned in paragraph 3?
According to the passage, what is an early symptom of a person lacking sleep?
Which of the following best portrays the organization of the passage?
What does the author probably support?
What best describes the tone of the author?
Read the following passage and choose which of the headings from A - L match the blanks. There are three extra headings, which do not match any of the paragraphs.
List of Headings
A. A fresh and important long-term goal
B. Charging for roads and improving other transport methods
C. Changes affecting the distances goods may be transported
D. Taking all the steps necessary to change transport patterns
E. The environmental costs of road transport
F. The escalating cost of rail transport
G. The need to achieve transport rebalance
H. The rapid growth of private transport
I. Plans to develop major road networks
K. Restricting road use through charging policies alone
L. Transport trends in countries awaiting EU admission
European Transport Systems 1990 - 2010
What have been the trends and what are the prospects for European transport systems?
Paragraph 1:
It is difficult to conceive of vigorous economic growth without an efficient transport system. Although modern information technologies can reduce the demand for physical transport by facilitating teleworking and teleservices, the requirement for transport continues to increase. There are two key factors behind this trend. For passenger transport, the determining factor is the spectacular growth in car use. The number of cars on European Union (EU) roads saw an increase of three million cars each year from 1990 to 2010, and in the next decade, the EU will see a further substantial increase in its fleet.
Paragraph 2:
As far as goods transport is concerned, growth is due to a large extent to changes in the European economy and its system of production. In the last 20 years, as internal frontiers have been abolished, the EU has moved from a ”stock” economy to a ”flow” economy. This phenomenon has been emphasized by the relocation of some industries, particularly those which are labor intensive, to reduce production costs, even though the production site is hundreds or even thousands of kilometers away from the final assembly plant or away from users.
Paragraph 3:
The strong economic growth expected in countries that are candidates for entry to the EU will also increase transport flows, in particular, road haulage traffic. In 1998, some of these countries already exported more than twice their 1990 volumes and imported more than five times their 1990 volumes. And although many candidate countries inherited a transport system which encourages rail, the distribution between modes has tipped sharply in favour of road transport since the 1990s. Between 1990 and 1998，road haulage increased by 19.4%, while during the same period rail haulage decreased by 43.5%, although – and this could benefit the enlarged EU – it is still on average at a much higher level than in existing member states.
Paragraph 4:
However, a new imperative-sustainable development – offers an opportunity for adapting the EU's common transport policy. This objective, agreed by the Gothenburg European Council, has to be achieved by integrating environmental considerations into Community policies, and shifting the balance between modes of transport lies at the heart of its strategy. The ambitious objective can only be fully achieved by 2020, but proposed measures are nonetheless a first essential step towards a sustainable transport system which will ideally be in place in 30 years‟ time, that is by 2040.
Paragraph 5:
In 1998, energy consumption in the transport sector was to blame for 28% of emissions of CO2，the leading greenhouse gas. According to the latest estimates, if nothing is done to reverse the traffic growth trend, CO2 emissions from transport can be expected to increase by around 50% to 1,113 billion tonnes by 2020，compared with the 739 billion tonnes recorded in 1990. Once again, road transport is the main culprit since it alone accounts for 84% of the CO2 emissions attributable to transport. Using alternative fuels and improving energy efficiency is thus both an ecological necessity and a technological challenge.
Paragraph 6:
At the same time, greater efforts must be made to achieve a modal shift. Such a change cannot be achieved overnight, all the less so after over half a century of constant deterioration in favor of road. This has reached such a pitch that today rail freight services are facing marginalization, with just 8% of market share, and with international goods trains struggling along at an average speed of 18km/h. Three possible options have emerged.
Paragraph 7:
The first approach would consist of focusing on road transport solely through pricing. This option would not be accompanied by complementary measures in the other modes of transport. In the short term, it might curb the growth in road transport through the better loading ratio of goods vehicles and occupancy rates of passenger vehicles expected as a result of the increase in the price of transport. However, the lack of measures available to revitalize other modes of transport would make it impossible for more sustainable modes of transport to take up the baton.
Paragraph 8:
The second approach also concentrates on road transport pricing but is accompanied by measures to increase the efficiency of the other modes (better quality of services, logistics, technology). However, this approach does not include investment in new infrastructure, nor does it guarantee better regional cohesion. It could help to achieve greater uncoupling than the first approach, but road transport would keep the lion‟s share of the market and continue to concentrate on saturated arteries, despite being the most polluting of the modes. It is therefore not enough to guarantee the necessary shift of the balance.
Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first.
The committee had a long discussion but they could not make up their mind.
=> Lengthy ...............
Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first.
The Japanese are the best at making pocket-sized technology.
=> The Japanese are second ..........
Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first.
I was very shocked when I knew that he had failed that important test.
=> It came ..........
Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first.
The spectators got so angry that they had to cancel the football match.
=> Such .........................
Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first.
More and more tourists are visiting the ancient towns in the mountains.
=> There has been a rise ……….
Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given in brackets. Do not change the given word. You must use between two to five words including the given word.
The result of the final exam was not as good as Jim had hoped. (EXPECTATIONS)
=> The result of the final exam didn't .
Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given in brackets. Do not change the given word. You must use between two to five words including the given word.
Sarah determined to cut down on her spending after she checked her credit card bills. (HORNS)
=> After reviewing her credit card bills, Sarah decided .
Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first one, using the word in brackets. You must use between TWO and FIVE words, including the word given. Do NOT change the word given.
Guy made absolutely sure nothing would go wrong when he planned the expedition. (CHANCE)
=> Guy when he planned the expedition.
Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first one, using the word in brackets. You must use between TWO and FIVE words, including the word given. Do NOT change the word given.
You have no hope of succeeding if you are so careless with your work. (BOUND)
=> You unless you are careful with your work.
Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given in brackets. Do not change the given word. You must use between two to five words including the given word.
It doesn't matter how badly he behaved, you shouldn't have been so rude. (HOWEVER)
=> You shouldn't have been so rude, was.
You should spend 40 minutes on this task. Write an academic essay of about 250 words on the following topic.
Many students find it difficult to concentrate or pay attention at school. What are the reasons? What could be done to solve this problem?
Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.