Identify which speaker is being referred to in each statement. Write the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet.
| A | Carlos |
| B | David |
| C | Melissa |
| D | Simona |
He/She thinks an overhead projector is usually needed.
He/She mentions that jokes can be useful in context.
He/She mentions that the question and answer part is very important.
He/She says that finishing early might be a good idea.
He/She says that you should drink enough.
Listen to the audio and answer the following questions.
The student thought there were no crocodiles in Northern Africa because _____.
Generally, crocodiles live in groups of about _____.
African crocodiles usually live in areas with _____.
Crocodiles in dry areas live in caves located _____.
What change caused changes in crocodile populations in North Africa?
Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others.
hypothesize
hypocrite
hybrid
hydropower
Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others.
distinguish
bronchitis
shuttle
chauffeur
Choose the word that differs from the rest in the position of the main stress.
Choose the word that differs from the rest in the position of the main stress.
She _____ fainted when she heard that her son had died.
The old train chugged along the tracks, leaving behind a _____ of smoke as it travelled through the scenic countryside.
The plague, otherwise known as the Black Death, was a _____ disease.
No decision has been taken about the building of the new airport. The authorities are still _____.
Fashion enthusiasts were longing for the brand's latest collection, but it had yet _____.
We must adopt a firm policy on punctuality. We can't have people _____ late all the time.
My mum thinks it's time I ____ my studies as seriously as sport.
Before streaming was popular, people often _____ CDs to share music.
On such a nice day, there is nothing more enjoyable than lying on the grass, watching clouds forming and then _____ again.
_____ you to work on is exercise two on page 26.
His computer crashed, ______ which he lost all the data.
The country used to be an economic _____ with chronic unemployment and rampant crime.
The result is impossible to predict with any degree of _____.
Despite their initial disagreement, they came to a _____ understanding about how to proceed.
Last Wednesday witnessed a _____ drop in raw oil price, which is really a big surprise.
Choose the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s).
The senator is in hot water with constituents over his callous remarks.
Choose the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s).
The remarkable development in sports achievements has been initiated by the sports equipment designers.
Choose the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s).
The company invested in state-of-the-art technology to stay ahead of its competitors.
Choose the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s).
Discovering that he had an aptitude for finance, he got a job as a commercial-credit analyst.
Fill in each blank with ONE best word.
LEARNING DISABILITIES ARE UP
Are learning disabilities really the rise or are we just more aware of them? Recent statistics indicate that up to 10% of school-age children, that's two or three individuals in every classroom, are thought to have kind of learning disorder, the causes of are both complex and multiple. More worrying still are recent findings by the Science journal which suggest that up to 45% of children, more than one disorder is likely. An ADHD child (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) may also from dyslexia (a reading and writing disability) or dyscalculia (a maths learning disability).
Many of the learning disabilities included in the research and findings are numbered amongst the autistic spectrum disorders, which would push figures to appear higher in the past when diagnosis was less easily . Demographic analysis also indicates that many of the children under six who are diagnosed are from within the higher income bracket, suggesting that parents are likely to be more aware of potential problems and better to address them.
Unfortunately, despite this worrying rise, the current school system is not equipped to deal the greatly differing teaching methods required to address the variety of learning difficulties that the disorders entail. The devastating result of this is leaving many children totally in the basic skills required to survive in the secondary school system. The prevalence of learning disabilities in the lower economic bracket is undisputed, yet sadly these children are more likely to have undiagnosed disabilities which will never be addressed.
Read the following passage and choose the best answer for each blank.
Adult Colouring Books
Colouring books are thought to promote concentration and patience, and allow the artist to safely release any and anxiety. The question seldom asked, though, is: why is such a beneficial activity popular only among young children?
According to several bestseller lists, it no longer is. Although colouring books for adults may a few eyebrows, more and more people are seeking them as a way to relax and de-stress. The principle is that colouring creates the same sense of fulfilment that is achieved by any process of deep thought; when the brain is preoccupied with a specific activity, negative feelings, such as anxiety and other generally thoughts, are forced out.
Colouring books have an advantage over other art activities because they remove the ‘paradox of choice’, or the feeling of being when faced with unlimited options. An empty page can create stress; after all, it on the artist to first decide what to create and then create it to an acceptable standard. The outlines provided in colouring books, on the other hand, make the activity accessible to everyone, regardless of artistic ability.
Read the following passage then choose the best answer to each question.
The end of the 19th century and the early years of the 20th century were marked by the development of an international Art Nouveau style, characterized by sinuous lines, floral and vegetable motifs, and soft evanescent coloration. The Art Nouveau style was an eclectic one, bringing together elements of Japanese art, motifs of ancient cultures, and natural forms. The glass objects of this style were elegant in outline, although often deliberated distorted, with pale or iridescent surfaces. A favored device of the style was to imitate the iridescent surface seen on the ancient glass that had been buried. Much of the Art Nouveau glass produced during the years of its greatest popularity had been generically termed 'art glass'. Art glass was intended for decorative purposes and relied on its effect on carefully chosen color combinations and innovative techniques.
Trance produced a number of outstanding exponents of the Art Nouveau style; among the most celebrated was Emile Galle (1846-1904). In the United States, Louis Comfort Tiffany (1843-1933) was the most noted exponent of this style, producing a great variety of glass forms and surfaces, which were widely copied in their time and are highly prized today. Tiffany was a brilliant designer, successfully combining ancient Egyptian, Japanese, and Persian motifs.
The Art Nouveau style was a major force in the decorative arts from 1895 to 1915, although its influence continued throughout the mid-1920s. It was eventually to be overtaken by a new school of thought known as Functionalism that had been present since the beginning of the 20th century. At first, restricted to a small avant-garde group of architects and designers, Functionalism emerged as the dominant influence upon designers after the First World War. The basic tenet of the movement, that function should determine form - was not a new concept. Soon a distinct aesthetic code evolved: form should be simple, surfaces plain, and any ornament should be based on geometric relationships. This new design concept, coupled with the sharp postwar reactions to the styles and conventions of the preceding decades, created an entirely new public taste that caused Art Nouveau types of glass to fall out of favor. The new taste demanded dramatic effects of contrasts, stark outlines, and complex textural surfaces.
Paragraph 1 mentions that Art Nouveau glass was sometimes similar to _____ of ancient buried glass.
By stating "function should determine form" the author means that _____.
It can be inferred from the passage that one reason functionalism became popular was that it _____.
According to the passage, an object made in the Art Nouveau style would most likely include _____.
What does the passage mainly discuss?
Six paragraphs have been removed from the passage.
A. The men who started Kenya's wildlife sanctuaries were men of vision. They worked against heavy odds often with inadequate resources. What is now needed is a sense of vision in society as a whole - values which accept that man is a lesser part of a greater whole - an unfashionable idea in our rushing, modern world. We now need measures designed to preserve wildlife for centuries, conceived and administered at the international level.
B. Since life began the environment has been adjusting to change; today it is the speed of change which is new and potentially disastrous. A century ago man himself was part of the established order. The elephant hunters did not threaten the survival of the elephant any more than lions. The men of the Lingula tribe great elephant hunters who used strong bows - had a toughness and knowledge which gave them nobility, in strong contrast to the furtive moral squalor of the international racketeers involved in today's ivory trade.
C. There is something inexorable about a herd like this moving across country. No browsing, no pausing to pluck branches or bunches of grass, no moving this way and that. Instead a steady marching, the young ones trotting to keep up. Other animals do not deflect them; they stride majestically, as though conscious they are invulnerable, and all give way before them.
D. In Kenya's game country, man is not yet the dominant animal and hopefully he never will be. Here, one can come to grips with the fact that for around half a million centuries mammals have been the dominant form of life in Africa and that only in the last of these centuries has man become the dominant mammal. But things are changing. In 1905 an army captain marching from Kitale to Nandi Fort in western Kenya, counted 124 giraffes, 85 waterbucks, 4 rhinos, 62 zebras, 27 ostriches and 4 lions in around 10 miles.
E. The slender security of this privilege makes it doubly sad that many visitors bring their own pace with them when they visit Kenya's wildlife. Too much dashing from one Game Park to another does not allow the visitor to attune himself. The use of a vehicle is an advantage in that it can approach the animals without alarming them. However, if it imposes a 21st-century rhythm on your visit to an area which still has the slow pulse of pre-history, you have failed to make the best of your privilege.
F. As well as being the biggest and in some ways the most interesting of the animals, elephants are in a sense the most tragic. A century ago they were the masters of the land. They had the run of the continent and generally managed their own affairs. No other large animal has had so wide a range of habitat, from mountain forests through savannah and semi-desert to the coast.
G. Like me, many visitors and scientists find elephants the most interesting animals to observe. There is the constant feeling that the elephants, too, understand, make decisions, have feelings, have friends. Stories of elephants are legion. Modern hunters say elephants know the boundaries of the National Parks and will smartly step inside when hunters are around. If only the poachers knew the rules and stuck to them as carefully as their victims.
Read an extract from an article. Choose from the paragraphs A-G the one which fits each gap. There is ONE extra paragraph which you do not need to use.
THE BIG GAME OF AFRICA
We all know, in an academic sense, that man as a species has existed for a very long time and that we have only emerged with our present dominance in the comparatively recent past. The game country of Kenya puts this piece of knowledge into context and enables us to experience it at the deep, intuitive level where all knowledge is felt as well as known. When something is learnt in this deep sense the knowledge becomes part of ourselves and enriches our lives.
1.
Today this area is a network of roads and tracks and is almost entirely under cultivation. True, it contains the remnants of the Nandi and Kakamega forests but even these are rapidly being turned into charcoal and paper. I have driven over many roads in the area and walked the Nandi Hills without seeing any game. There are a few giraffe left on the high land between Kitale and Eldoret; the remaining antelope are rare and shy; the rhino and the lion have definitely gone. It is the same over vast tracts of Kenya; where sev- enty years ago there was an abundance of animals, today you will find almost nothing. I was hoping to see elephants.
2.
A number of cases of elephants aiding an injured comrade have been recorded by hunters and mother elephants have been seen to carry a dead baby around for several days. It has been known for a hunter to track a wounded elephant only to come on the corpse minus the valuable tusks, these having been broken off and smashed by his companions. It is common knowledge that wild elephants coming upon a skeleton of one of their own kind will examine the bones, carry them away, and scatter them far and wide, although they will ignore the remnants of other animals.
3.
But now pressure on the elephants' land is increasing. New strains of maize now make it feasible to grow crops in areas where only five years ago there was virtually no human population. The Masai, who up to now have grazed their cattle alongside the plains game are beginning to plough their lands for wheat and corn. Other threats are posed by the increased use of insecticides; the expansion of cities and towns; and most worrying of all, the increase in the human population. Things must change.
4.
Above all the pace at which we disturb the natural environment must slow down. Our startling success with the physical sciences has convinced us that we can solve problems quickly by pushing the right buttons. But in nature, problems are not solved quickly, although they can be created overnight. A disturbance of the established order is a wound, quickly inflicted but slow to heal, with the ever-present possibility that the wound may cause a fatal infection. Even a carefully thought-out and well-controlled change is still a form of surgery from which the environment must recover by adjusting its complex mechanisms and balances to the new situation.
5.
Now, we humans and our greed are out of control all over the world; and in the same sense that a city child must visit a farm to find that milk comes from cows, not bottles, so most of us need to visit Africa to find where mankind came from. Even here there is a danger of losing touch with the past. Today the parks and reserves are last-ditch defences for Kenya's wildlife. The long-term outcome is far from certain, but meanwhile it is our privilege that enough remains for us to glimpse the original glory first hand.
6.
Try to stay longer with each group of animals. They will reward you in their time not yours - remember they are making the decisions. There is so much to see one is tempted to rush; more than one hundred species of mammals in Kenya, ninety-five in the Masai Mara Reserve alone. But these animals are not postage stamps or locomotive numbers to be ticked off on a list. Each of them has an individual character and fits into its own place in this complex system.
Complete the sentence by changing the form of the word in capitals.
My younger brother has already his pair of jeans I bought him as a present on his 13th birthday. (GROW)
Complete the sentence by changing the form of the word in capitals.
In spite of many difficulties, she always has a attitude towards life. (CARE)
Complete the sentence by changing the form of the word in capitals.
The pictures showed cracks and other in otherwise perfectly regular crystals. (REGULAR)
Complete the sentence by changing the form of the word in capitals.
There are unsung heroes who individually and quietly work for social change and never receive public attention. (ASSUME)
Complete the sentence by changing the form of the word in capitals.
I just heard something broken in the kitchen again; nothing surprising. My children are . (BUTTER)
Complete the second sentence, using the word given so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Do NOT change the word given in brackets in any way.
I felt vaguely that something was wrong, but what was it? (BACK)
Complete the second sentence, using the word given so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Do NOT change the word given in brackets in any way.
I can recommend you to the manager; I'm a friend of his. (WORD)
Write the second sentence so that it has similar meaning to the first one, using the word in bracket. Do not change the word given.
If he drives so recklessly, he is certain to have an accident. (BOUND)
Complete the second sentence using the word given so that it has the same meaning to the first.
I was surprised to discover that the hotel was a long way from the center. (TURNED)
Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first.
Unfortunately, the new software didn't come up to our expectations in terms of performance and reliability.
=> Unfortunately, the new software's performance and reliability fell .
Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first.
Redundancy has caused a lot of domestic problems.
=> Many a redundancy.
Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first.
That the prices of almost goods are increased forces people to spend less money.
=> People have to tighten to the increase in the price of almost goods.
Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first.
John found it difficult to accept the fact that he was fired.
=> John couldn't come the fact that he was fired.
Write a paragraph of approximately 140 words to answer the following question.
What are the various benefits of self-discipline in the lives of teenagers?