Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others.
measure
easterly
each
eager
Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others.
facade
Celtic
cynical
decency
Choose the word that differs from the rest in the position of the main stress.
Choose the word that differs from the rest in the position of the main stress.
Choose the word that differs from the rest in the position of the main stress.
This government would destroy all our civil liberties, ______ half a chance.
There has been a lot of _____ surrounding the government’s proposed scheme.
Warning: anyone caught stealing from these premises will be _____.
The local authorities need to _____ down on illegal parking, in my opinion.
If the service isn’t up to standard, I think you have _____ right to complain.
It’s very important in today’s world to be able to _____ a foreign language.
They’re staying in rented accommodation for the time _____.
This is the only example portraying a Roman Emperor which has survived _____ from such an early age.
Many books were not available to the public because of government _____.
Read the text and choose the best answer to fill in the blanks.
A LACK OF COMMUNICATION
Recent research has that a third of people in Britain have not met their neighbors, and those who know each other speak. Neighbors gossiping over garden fences and in the street was a common in the 1950s, says Dr. Carl Chinn, an expert on local communities. Now, however, longer hours spent working at the office, together with the Internet and satellite television, are eroding neighborhood . 'Poor neighborhoods once had a strong kinship, but now prosperity buys privacy,' said Chinn.
Professor John Locke, a social scientist at Cambridge University, has analyzed a large of surveys. He found that in America and Britain the of time spent in social activity is decreasing. A third of people said they never spoke to their neighbors at . Andrew Mayer, 25, a strategy consultant, rents a large apartment in west London, with two flat-mates, who work in e-commerce. "We have a family of teachers in upstairs and lawyers below, but our only contact comes via letters to the communal facilities or complaints that we've not put out our bin bags properly," said Mayer.
The breakdown of communities can have serious effects. Concerned at the rise in burglaries and of vandalism, the police have re-launched crime prevention schemes such as Neighbourhood Watch, calling on people who live in the same area to keep an eye on each other's houses and report anything they see which is unusual.
Read the text below and decide which answer best fits each gap.
Skiing holidays in Colorado
To ski or snowboard in Colorado is to experience the pinnacle of winter sports. The state of Colorado is known for its spectacular scenery and (BREATH) views, which inspire today’s travelers as much as they spurred on the (SETTLE) who first arrived in this part of the US over a century ago. And whether you’re seeking the outdoor adventure of a (LIFE), exciting nightlife, or a great family getaway, Colorado has everything you need.
November through April, snow conditions are (CONSIST) and reliable, featuring Colorado’s (LEGEND) ‘champagne powder’ snow. Extensive snowmaking and grooming operations always keep trails in top shape.
The mountain destinations in the Colorado Rockies can turn your wildest ski dreams into thrilling (REAL). There, you’ll find the best skiing and snowboarding on (PICTURE) slopes, as well as the finest ski schools in the US. Together, they present an (PARALLEL) winter paradise. And the best part is that you’ll enjoy friendly, (CARE) service in resorts that are (COMMIT) to delivering the highest quality amenities.
Fill each of the following blanks with ONE suitable word.
Sir Alexander Fleming (1881 - 1955) is with leading the way in the use of antibiotics to treat bacterial infections. His discovery of penicillin in 1928 came at a time when many people died of tuberculosis, diphtheria, and other infectious diseases which made such a cure highly sought after.
After obtaining his medical degree in 1906 at St Mary's Hospital Medical School in London, Fleming began to work antibacterial substances which could be used with humans. He was in the middle of his career when the First World War began, but was fortunate to be able to continue his research while serving in the Royal Army Medical Corps. He made his first major discovery in 1921 when he identified and isolated lysozyme, an enzyme found in human tears and saliva. antibiotic activity helps to prevent infections.
It was not until seven years later, however, that Fleming became internationally famous. He was working with the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus he noticed that it was killed off by a green fungus, Penicillium notatum which has contaminated the culture. Further investigation showed that there was a substance in the fungus which prevented the growth of the bacteria, even when the substance was diluted 800 times.
The development of penicillin, which derives its name the fungus, must also be to Ernst Chain and Howard Florey. The work of these two men revolved isolating the active ingredient in the fungus so that it could safely be administered to humans. They finally achieved this, and in 1945 Chain, Florey and Fleming were jointly the Nobel Prize.
Since this ground-breaking work, scientists have discovered numerous further antibiotics to treat a variety of bacterial diseases. All of these discoveries, however, are grounded in the work of Fleming, and even today he is up to as a leading figure in the treatment of infectious diseases. Indeed, a museum has now been opened at the Mary's in Paddington, London.
Read the following passage and complete the tasks.
The start of automobile’s history went all the way back to 1769 when automobiles running on the steam engine were invented as carriers for human transport. In 1806, the first batch of cars powered by an internal combustion engine came into being, which pioneered the introduction of the widespread modem petrol-fueled internal combustion engine in 1885.
It is generally acknowledged that the first practical automobiles equipped with petrol/gaso-line-powered internal combustion engines were invented almost at the same time by different German inventors who were Working on their own. Karl Benz first built the automobile in 1885 in Mannheim. Benz attained a patent for his invention on 29 January 1886, and in 1888, he started to produce automobiles in a company that later became the renowned Mercedes-Benz.
As this century began, the automobile industry marched into the transportation market for wealth. Drivers at that time were an adventurous bunch; they would go out regardless of the weather condition even if they weren’t even protected by an enclosed body or a convertible top. Everybody in the community knew who owned what car, and cars immediately became a symbol of identity and status. Later, cars became more popular among the public since it allowed people to travel whenever and wherever they wanted. Thus, the price of automobiles in Europe and North America kept dropping, and more people from the middle class could afford them. This was especially attributed to Henry Ford who did two crucial things. First, he set the price as reasonable as possible for his cars; second, he paid his employees enough salaries so that they could afford the cars made by their very own hands.
The trend of interchangeable parts and mass production in an assembly line style had been led by America, and from 1914, this concept was significantly reinforced by Henry Ford. This large-scale, production-line manufacture of affordable automobiles debuted. A Ford car would come off all assembled from the line every 15 minutes, an interval shorter than any of the former methods. Not only did it raise productivity, but also cut down on the requirement for manpower. Ford significantly lowered the chance of injury by carrying out complicated safety procedures in production particularly by assigning workers to specific locations rather than giving them the freedom to wander around. This mixture of high wages and high efficiency was known as Fordism, which provided a valuable lesson for most major industries.
The first Jeep automobile that came out as the prototype Bantam BRC was the primary light 4-wheel-drive automobile of the U.S. Army and Allies, and during World War II and the postwar period, its sale skyrocketed. Since then, plenty of Jeep derivatives with similar military and civilian functions have been created and kept upgraded in terms of overall performance in other nations.
Through all the 1950s, engine power and automobile rates grew higher, designs evolved into a more integrated and artful form, and cars were spreading globally. In the 1960s, the landscape changed as Detroit was confronted with foreign competition. The European manufacturers used the latest technology, and Japan came into the picture as a dedicated car-making country. General Motors, Chrysler, and Ford dabbled with radical tiny cars such as the GM A-bodies with little success. As joint ventures such as the British Motor Corporation unified the market, captive imports and badge imports swept all over the US and the UK. BMC first launched a revolutionary space-friendly Mini in 1959, which turned out to harvest large global sales. Previously remaining under the Austin and Morris names, Mini later became an individual marque in 1969. The trend of corporate consolidation landed in Italy when niche makers such as Maserati, Ferrari, and Lancia were bought by larger enterprises. By the end of the 20th century, there had been a sharp fall in the number of automobile marques.
In the US, car performance dominated marketing, justified by the typical cases of pony cars and muscle cars. However, in the 1970s, everything changed as the American automobile industry suffered from the 1973 oil crisis, competition with Japanese and European imports, automobile emission-control regulations, and moribund innovation. The irony in all this was that full-size sedans such as Cadillac and Lincoln scored a huge comeback between the years of economic crisis.
In terms of technology, the most mentionable developments that postwar era had seen were the widespread use of independent suspensions, broader application of fuel injection, and a growing emphasis on safety in automobile design. Mazda achieved many triumphs with its engine firstly installed in the fore-wheel, though it gained itself a reputation as a gas-guzzler.
The modem era also has witnessed a sharp elevation of fuel power in the modem engine management system with the help of the computer. Nowadays, most automobiles in use are powered by an internal combustion engine, fueled by gasoline or diesel. Toxic gas from both fuels is known to pollute the air and is responsible for climate change as well as global warming.
Match each description with the correct automobile brand, A-G.
List of Automobile Brands
| A | Ford |
| B | the BMC Mini |
| C | Cadillac and Lincoln |
| D | Mercedes Benz |
| E | Mazda |
| F | Jeep |
| G | Maserati, Ferrari, and Lancia |
began producing the first automobiles.
produced the industrialised cars that common consumers could afford.
improved the utilisation rate of automobile space.
upgraded the overall performance of the car continuously.
maintained leading growth even during an economic recession.
installed its engine on the front wheel for the first time.
Answer the questions below. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.
What is the important feature owned by the modem engine since the 19th century?
What did a car symbolise to the rich at the very beginning of this century?
How long did Ford assembly line take to produce a car?
What is the major historical event that led American cars to suffer when competing with Japanese imported cars?
What do people call the Mazda car which was designed under the front-wheel engine?
What has greatly increased with the computerised engine management systems in modem society?
What factor is blamed for contributing to pollution, climate change and global warming?
Read the passage and choose the correct answer to each of the questions.
Most forms of property are concrete and tangible, such as houses, cars, furniture or anything else that is included in one’s possessions. Other forms of property can be intangible, and copyright deals with intangible forms of property. Copyright is a legal protection extended to authors of creative works, for example, books magazine articles, maps, films, plays, television shows, software, paintings, photographs, music, the choreography in dance and all other forms of intellectual or artistic property.
Although the purpose of artistic property is usually public use and enjoyment, copyright establishes the ownership of the creator. When a person buys a copyrighted magazine, it belongs to this individual as a tangible object. However, the authors of the magazine articles on the research and the writing that went into creating the articles. The right to make and sell or give away copies of books or articles belongs to the authors, publishers, or other individuals or organizations that hold the copyright. To copy an entire book or a part of it, permission must be received from the copyright owner, who will most likely expect to be paid.
Copyright law distinguishes between different types of intellectual property. Music may be played by anyone after it is published. However, if it is performed for profit, the performers need to pay a fee called a royalty. A similar principle applies to performances of songs and plays. On the other hand, names, ideas, and book titles are excepted. Ideas do not become copyrighted property until they have published in a book a painting or a musical work. Almost all artistic work created before the 20th century is not copyrighted because it was created before the copyright law was passed.
The two common ways of infringing upon the copyright are plagiarism and piracy. Plagiarizing the work of another person means passing it off as one’s own. The word plagiarism is derived from the Latin plagiarism, which means “abductor”. Piracy may be an act of one person, but, in many cases, it is a joint effort of several people who reproduce copyrighted material and sell it for profit without paying royalties to the creator. Technological innovations have made piracy easy and anyone can duplicate a motion picture on videotape a computer program, or a book. Videocassette recorders can be used by practically anyone to copy movies and television programs, and copying software has become almost as easy as copying a book. Large companies zealously monitor their copyrights for slogans, advertisements, and brand names, protected by a trademark.
What does the passage mainly discuss?
The word "it" in the second paragraph refers to ______.
The right to send the copies of a book or articles as a gift belongs to these people EXCEPT _____.
With which of the following statements is the author most likely to agree?
It can be inferred from the passage that it is legal if ______.
The phrase “infringing upon” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _____.
The word “principle” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _____.
The purpose of copyright law is most comparable with the purpose of which of the following?
Which of the following properties is NOT mentioned as protected by copyright?
According to the passage, copyright law is _____.
Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first.
He talked about nothing except the weather on this first date.
=> His sole ...........
Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first.
Natasha is much better than the other dancers in her age group.
=> Natasha stands .........
Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first.
He is becoming quite famous as an interviewer.
=> He is making ..........
Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first.
When he arrived at the meeting, the girls were chatting happily.
=> On ..........
Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first.
His description of the incident was completely different from what really happened.
=> His description of the incident bore ...............
Complete the second sentence using the word given so that it has the same meaning to the first.
He tried hard but couldn't compensate for what he had done. (AMENDS)
=> Try .........
Complete the second sentence using the word given so that it has the same meaning to the first.
David was responsible for the family business as soon as his father retired. (CHARGE)
=> Scarcely ...........
Complete the second sentence using the word given so that it has the same meaning to the first.
They remained close friends, despite having had many differences. (FALLEN)
=> Though ..........
Complete the second sentence using the word given so that it has the same meaning to the first.
I do not have enough money to have the automatic lighting installed. (PUT)
=> Were ..........
Complete the second sentence using the word given so that it has the same meaning to the first.
Bill changed his ways when he came out of prison. (LEAF)
=> Bill has .....