Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each of the questions.
Over the course of some five millennia, the ancient Egyptians developed a distinctive material culture shaped in large part by their local geography, natural resources, and relationship with the Nile River. In the 5th century BCE, the Greek historian Herodotus noted that "any sensible person" could see that Lower Egypt was a "gift of the river". [A] Every aspect of life in Egypt depended on the river – the Nile provided food and resources, land for agriculture, a means of travel, and was critical in the transportation of materials for building projects and other large-scale endeavors. [B]
The modern name of the Nile River comes from the Greek "Neilos", but the Egyptians called it "Iteru", or "River". The Nile River system has three main branches – the White Nile, the Blue Nile, and the Atbara River. [C] The White Nile, the river's headwaters, flows from Lake Victoria and Lake Albert. The Blue Nile brings about the annual inundation and provides most of the river's water and silt. The Atbara River has less of an impact, as it flows only occasionally.
In the south, the Nile has a series of six main cataracts, which begin at the site of Aswan. A cataract is a shallow stretch of turbulent waters formed where flowing waters encounter resistant rock layers. In the case of the Nile cataracts, large outcroppings of granite make the flow of the river unpredictable and much more difficult to traverse by boat. [D] The cataract system created a natural boundary at Aswan, separating Egypt from its southern neighbor, Nubia.
Ancient Egypt was located in Northeastern Africa and had four clear geographic zones: the Delta, the Western Desert, the Eastern Desert, and the Nile Valley. Each of these zones had its own natural environment and its own role within the Egyptian State. Cities could only flourish in the Nile Delta, the Nile Valley, or desert oases, where people had access to water, land, and key resources. The ancient Egyptians, who were always keen observers of nature, often associated the Nile Valley with life and abundance and the neighboring deserts with death and chaos.
The word "inundation" in paragraph 2 is CLOSEST in meaning to _____.
Where in the passage should the following sentence be inserted?
"While this comment was limited to the areas in the north and in the Delta, it really rings true for all the Nile River Valley."
In the cataracts of the Nile River, _____.
The trouble started only _____ the other man came into the room.
This is _____ the most difficult job I've ever had to do.
We _____ have left the house without checking the weather forecast because the unexpected storm ruined our plans.
He was turned down for the job because he is _____ .
The world of finance _____ as complex and interconnected as it is today if globalization hadn't blurred geographical boundaries.
The inconsiderate driver was _____ for parking his vehicle in the wrong place.
Weird _____ it appears, I always feel content when it starts pouring down with rain.
Not until _____ confident pursuing her dream career.
The team worked tirelessly to meet the deadline, ensure the quality of the product, and _____ the client's expectations.
It's crucial that we _____ on time for the presentation to make a good impression on the clients.
He climbed the corporate ladder at the _____ of his family life, missing important moments with his children.
Due to rising inflation, many families must tighten their _____ and cut back on non-essential expenses.
The antique store was filled with treasures, many of _____ whispered stories of the past.
She heated the chocolate until it _____, then poured it over the cake.
The cloth mill gradually closed in the _____ of competition.
Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others.
coward
shower
flower
knowledge
Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others.
bondage
dosage
baggage
teenage
Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others.
tomb
pub
crumb
debt
Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others.
feather
southern
smooth
ethics
Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others.
drought
carouse
gourmet
foundry
I've been revising all day but I don't think much of it has sunk _____.
The completion of the tunnel has been held _____ because of a strike.
Unfortunately, it all boils _____ to whether we can afford it.
They came to inspect the house _____ a view to buying it.
He says he feels less nervous since he cut _____ on tea and coffee.
The teacher suspected the student _____ cheating in the exam.
I am so tired that I can't take _____ what you are saying.
Katie really takes _____ her mother. They have the same character traits.
The Andersons have not turned _____ yet and I doubt if they will now.
They are working _____ time to try to finish the work before the deadline.
Choose the underlined part that needs correction.
Beside the ages of nine and fifteen, almost all young people undergo a rapid series of physiological changes.
Choose the underlined part that needs correction.
They are known that colds can be avoided by eating the right kind of food and taking exercise regularly.
Choose the underlined part that needs correction.
The fish and chips that my mother is cooking in the kitchen smell very good.
Choose the underlined part that needs correction.
Because the 70 years old building was structurally unsafe and too expensive to repair, it had to be demolished.
Choose the underlined part that needs correction.
The recent developments in the field of robotics has been extremely beneficial to those who are physically handicapped.
Choose the underlined part that needs correction.
The man about whose I told you yesterday is a famous scientist.
Choose the underlined part that needs correction.
Because of the need to maintain the balance of salts and minerals in the water, keeping saltwater fish in aquariums requires more work that keeping freshwater fish.
Choose the underlined part that needs correction.
Each of the students in the accounting class has to type their own research paper this semester.
Choose the underlined part that needs correction.
He didn't get the job despite of his experience in the field.
Choose the underlined part that needs correction.
Reports on the rise in hotel costs come from authority sources in the industry.
For a short while, I managed to catch _____ the president entering the palace.
The firefighters are still trying very hard to _____ the fires.
The picnic _____ to be a terrible disaster.
Read the following passage and choose the best answer for each blank.
Two surgeons flying from Hong Kong to London on a jumbo jet a fellow passenger's life by operating on her with a pair of scissors, a coat hanger, and a bottle of brandy. Pauline Dixon was involved in a motorcycle on the way to Hong Kong Airport, but she didn't go to see a doctor. Later, on the plane, she complained about a pain in her arm. The pilot asked whether or not there were any doctors on board, and Professor Wallace and Dr Tom Wong came forward.
At first, they thought her arm was broken, but within minutes they saw that her condition was worse. They realized that one of her lungs have collapsed and was filling up with liquid. Professor Wallace said: "I felt we had operate as soon as we could, but of course we didn't have the right equipment, so we had to use what was there. I cut a hole in her chest with a pair of scissors and then we had to find something to push a tube into the lung. One of the cabin crew using a coat hanger, which worked well, and we to get the tube in quite easily.
Normally, it is not a complicated operation if you have the right equipment, but we had to be very careful. We sterilized everything with five-star brandy. When the operation was over, I had a few myself. I can tell you, I needed it."
After the plane landed safely in London, Miss Dixon went to hospital to recover. Although the operation had been very , she was very grateful to the doctors for saving her life, and was full of for what they had done.
Complete the sentence by changing the form of the word in capitals.
He won the discus event at the Olympic Games but was later when a medical check proved that he had been taking drugs. (QUALIFY)
Complete the sentence by changing the form of the word in capitals.
The customer looked at the outdated product on the shelf. (DISDAIN)
Complete the sentence by changing the form of the word in capitals.
There is a saying in English: “ speak louder than words." (ACT)
Complete the sentence by changing the form of the word in capitals.
The plane had to make a crash in a field. (LAND)
Complete the sentence by changing the form of the word in capitals.
Knowledge in the field of has developed very quickly. (GENE)
Fill in each blank with ONE best word.
The job of a music composer is a captivating blend of creativity, technical skills, and emotional expression. Composing a of music involves not only a profound understanding of music theory and composition techniques but also an innate ability to convey complex emotions and stories through sound. must be well-versed in various musical instruments and software. They often countless hours perfecting their craft. Composers typically with an idea - a melody, a chord progression, or even a rhythmic pattern. They then develop this initial fragment a full composition, considering elements like harmony, orchestration, and dynamics. Each step in this process is meticulously refined; for , orchestrating a piece involves deciding which instruments will play which parts, balancing their sounds, and ensuring the texture of the music reflects the intended mood. Moreover, contemporary composers frequently collaborate with performers, conductors, and recording engineers. These collaborations can bring fresh perspectives and enhance the final pieces. They also need to adapt to various genres and styles, composing for film scores, symphonies, or digital media. Their versatility allows them to traverse different musical landscapes, tailoring their compositions to specific contexts and audiences. The emotional depth a composer must harness cannot be overstated. They must tap into human experiences - joy, sorrow, tension, and release – to create pieces of that resonate on a profound level with listeners. This empathetic connection is often separates a good piece from a truly unforgettable one.
Choose the most suitable heading for each paragraph from the list of headings (i-xi) below. Write the appropriate number (i-xi) in each blank.
N.B. There are more headings than paragraphs, so you will not use all of them.
Example:
Paragraph A: viii
Paragraph F: xi
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List of Headings
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PANGOLINS
A. Pangolins, often called "scaly anteaters", are covered in tough, overlapping scales. These burrowing mammals eat ants and termites using an extraordinarily long, sticky tongue, and are able to quickly roll themselves up into a tight ball when threatened. Eight different pangolin species can be found across Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Poaching for illegal wildlife trade and habitat loss have made these incredible creatures one of the most endangered groups of mammals in the world.
B. Pangolin species vary in size from about 1.6kg (~3-5 lbs) to a maximum of about 33kg (~73 lbs). They vary in color from light to yellowish brown through olive to dark brown. Protective, overlapping scales cover most of their bodies. These scales are made from keratin – the same protein that forms human hair and finger nails. Overlapping like artichoke leaves, the scales grow throughout the life of a pangolin just like hair; scales that are constantly filed down as pangolins dig burrows and tunnels through the soil in search of termites and ants. Pangolin undersides do not have scales, and are covered with sparse fur. Unlike African pangolins, Asian pangolins also have thick bristles that emerge from between their scales. With small conical heads and jaws lacking teeth, pangolins have amazingly long, muscular, and sticky tongues that are perfect for reaching and lapping up ants and termites in deep cavities. Pangolins have poor vision, so they locate termite and ant nests with their strong sense of smell.
C. There are eight pangolin species. All pangolins belong to the genus Manis in the family Manidae, which is the only family within the order Pholidota. Pangolins' closest living relatives are the Xenarthrans anteaters, armadillos, and sloths.
D. Pangolins are found in a variety of habitats including tropical and flooded forests, thick bushes, cleared and cultivated areas, and savannah grasslands. In general, they occur where large numbers of ants and termites are found. Asian pangolins in particular are threatened by loss of habitat due to expanding agriculture and other human uses. Pangolins dig deep burrows that contain circular chambers for sleeping and nesting. Large chambers that are big enough for a human to crawl inside and stand up have been discovered in terrestrial pangolin burrows. Some pangolin species such as the Malayan pangolin also sleep in the hollows and forks of trees and logs.
E. These solitary mammals are nocturnal and highly secretive. Thus, it is difficult for scientists to study them in the wild, and many mysteries remain about their habits. Some pangolin species such as the Chinese pangolin sleep underground burrows during the day, and others including African tree pangolins and Malayan pangolins are known to sleep in trees. They emerge in the evening to forage for insects. Pangolins are well adapted for digging: they dig burrows with their strong front legs and claws, using their tails and rear legs for support and balance. Tunneling underground, they excavate the sides and roofs of passages by pushing up and from side to side with their tough scaled bodies. They use their front and hind feet to back accumulated soil toward the burrow entrance, and vigorously kick dirt out of the entrance up to a meter or more. Pangolin scales provide good defense against predators. When threatened, pangolins can quickly curl into a ball, protecting their defenseless undersides. They also deter predators by hissing and puffing, and lashing their sharp-edged tails.
F. Pangolins live predominantly on a diet of ants and termites, which they may supplement with various other invertebrates including bee larvae, flies, worms, earthworms, and crickets. This special diet makes them extremely difficult to maintain in captivity – they often reject unfamiliar insect species or become ill when fed with foreign food. Wild pangolins locate insect nests using a keen sense of smell. well-developed sense of smell. Voraciously digging ants and termites from mounds, stumps, and fallen logs with their claws, they use their extremely long, sticky tongues to capture and eat them.
G. Pangolins are hunted for food, for use in traditional medicine and as fashion accessories, and for a rampant illegal international trade in scales, skins, and meat. There is high demand for nearly all of their body parts, principally from China. The large-scale illegal trade in Asian pangolins is drastically driving down their numbers throughout Southeast Asia. Rapid loss and deterioration of available habitat places added pressure on the dwindling numbers of remaining pangolins.
Paragraph B:
Paragraph C:
Paragraph D:
Paragraph E:
Paragraph G:
Complete the second sentence using the word given so that it has the same meaning to the first.
You can never leave the workplace without letting the team leader know.
=> On no account ..........
Complete the second sentence using the word given so that it has the same meaning to the first.
I found the book too complicated to follow.
=> I had difficulties ..........
Complete the second sentence using the word given so that it has the same meaning to the first.
It is said that David always revises anything he writes very carefully.
=> David is said ............
Complete the second sentence using the word given so that it has the same meaning to the first.
She arranged for the delivery of the books right after she arrived at the office.
=> Hardly ..........
Complete the second sentence using the word given so that it has the same meaning to the first.
The cost of living has increased slightly in the past few years.
=> There has ..........
Complete the second sentence using the word given so that it has the same meaning to the first. Do NOT change the word given.
It's impossible to predict how long it will take to do this kind of job. (TELLING)
=> There is ..........
Complete the second sentence using the word given so that it has the same meaning to the first. Do NOT change the word given.
Should you see the professor this morning, please give him my regards. (INTO)
=> If you happen ................
Complete the second sentence using the word given so that it has the same meaning to the first. Do NOT change the word given.
It wasn't necessary to wait for them at the airport yesterday. (NEEDN'T)
=> You ..........
Complete the second sentence using the word given so that it has the same meaning to the first. Do NOT change the word given.
You can't possibly expect me to pay for the tickets. (QUESTION)
=> There is ............
Complete the second sentence using the word given so that it has the same meaning to the first. Do NOT change the word given.
Your brother must try to accept that he'll never be an author. (TERMS)
=> Your brother must ..................