Đề thi vào lớp 10 môn Anh Chuyên - Sở GD&ĐT Hưng Yên năm 2026

Celine Dion, the world-renowned Canadian singer, has officially announced her return to the stage for a series of concerts in Paris. This news comes after the star has been (VOLUNTARY) 12.1 absent from the stage since 2022 due to a rare neurological disorder known as stiff person syndrome. This condition causes muscle spasms and significant (CONSTRICT) 12.2 on her vocal cords, which had previously made singing nearly impossible. Despite these immense physical challenges, Dion has remained (RESILIENCE) 12.3, expressing her excitement to perform once again. Her deep connection to Paris is well-documented, as she has often described the city as a source of blissful and optimistic perspective. Her recent performance at the Paris Olympics was (TRIUMPH) 12.4 as critics praised the emotional depth of her voice, proving that she has truly "nailed the landing" of her (COME) 12.5.

What Advertisers Want From You

Advertisers use clever psychology to build long-term relationships with consumers. Their goal is to persuade you to feel a certain way about their brand using several powerful tools. First, they seek your trust. This is 14.1 tech companies use minimalist designs and banks use the color blue to signal security. If you trust a brand, you are more likely to become a repeat customer. Next, they aim for an emotional connection. By featuring happy families or inspiring stories, brands like Coca-Cola associate their products 14.2 happiness and love. They want you to buy their product to recapture those positive emotions. Finally, advertisers create a 14.3 of urgency. Phrases like "Limited time only!" pressure consumers to make quick decisions to avoid 14.4 out. By influencing your perception, advertisers build brand 14.5 so that you will retum to buy a product again and again. They aren't just selling a product they are selling an idea and a promise. Next time you see an advert, ask yourself: what feeling are they trying to sell me?

Although our memory has to cope with an enormous amount of information, we often criticise it for letting us down when we (1) _____ to recall names, passwords or appropriate quotations at crucial moments. We tend to assume that others are naturally more gifted, with above-average memories. In reality, however, everyone has similar potential, and the difference lies in how effectively individuals train and use their memory. The reason we are out of the habit is partly to do with technology. Today's computers and digital devices serve as our external hard drives, (2) _____ . Our phones keep our to-do lists and alert us of upcoming appointments, while our computers store any number of pertinent facts that can be retrieved at the touch of a key.

Six hundred years ago, a trained memory was not just a handy tool; it was a pre-requisite for a cultured mind. Since books were thin on the ground, memorizing the (3) _____ contained in them was the only way to maintain access to it. It was not uncommon to find learned scholars (4) _____ . Such people became walking libraries albeit libraries with a fairly limited stock. They were able to do this because they read intensively rather than extensively, (5) _____ .

The Fear of Missing Out (FOMO), once a minor psychological observation, has now been crystallized as a key force driving the digital economy. At its heart, FOMO is not simply a personal anxiety but a predictable outcome of what might be called "algorithmic sociality". Digital platforms are built to showcase success and idealized lives while concealing everyday struggles, producing a distorted picture of reality. Within this environment, stepping back from constant participation is treated as a kind of social irrelevance, and the imagined cost of logging off feels far greater than any genuine benefit of simply being present, a reversal of priorities that is increasingly accepted without question.

Modern marketing has skillfully taken advantage of this weakness, moving well beyond traditional advertising into subtler forms of "social proofing." Influencers, who serve as the primary messengers, routinely blur the line between authentic personal choices and paid promotions, making a "missed opportunity" feel like a personal shortcoming rather than a commercial manipulation. The growing phenomenon of "green-FOMO" adds another layer, with sustainability messaging making consumers feel morally inadequate if they fail to keep up with the latest eco-conscious trends.

The consequences for how organizations are run are just as notable. The modern workplace, now deeply embedded with digital communication tools to enhance efficiency, has unintentionally built a culture of "constant availability". This trend pulls workers in too many directions at once, making sustained, deep thinking increasingly difficult. Managers find themselves caught in a contradiction: they expect high-quality output while operating in environments that reward quick, surface-level responses. The result is a workforce that is perpetually connected yet progressively cut off from genuinely meaningful deep work.

In response, the idea of JOMO, the Joy of Missing Out, has gained traction as a way of reclaiming control over one's own attention and inner life. Where FOMO looks outward with envy, JOMO turns inward, valuing the quality of personal experience over the volume of external engagement. That said, embracing JOMO is not simply a matter of personal resolve; it demands a deliberate withdrawal from the attention-driven systems that surround us, and a broader rethinking of how society values rest in a culture that equates ceaseless activity with professional and social worth.

The Hidden Cost of Fast Fashion

In recent years, fast fashion has become increasingly popular among teenagers and young adults. Clothes are produced rapidly, sold cheaply, and replaced almost immediately by new trends. While this business model allows consumers to buy fashionable items at affordable prices, it also creates serious environmental problems. 30.1

The fashion industry is currently responsible for a significant amount of global carbon emissions. Factories consume enormous quantities of energy, especially in countries where electricity is generated mainly from coal. In addition, synthetic materials such as polyester are made from fossil fuels and can take hundreds of years to decompose. 30.2

There are also other concems related to water pollution. Textile factories often release untreated chemicals into rivers and lakes, damaging ecosystems and threatening human health. In some developing countries, local communities no longer have access to clean water because nearby factories have contaminated their supplies. 30.3

Consumers also play an important role in this issue. Many people buy clothes not because they truly need them, but because social media constantly encourages them to follow the latest trends. As a result, huge amounts of clothing are thrown away each year, even when they are still wearable. 30.4

However, there are signs of positive change. Some fashion companies have started using recycled fabrics and more sustainable production methods. Meanwhile, consumers are gradually becoming more aware of the environmental consequences of their choices. Buying fewer clothes, reusing old items, and supporting ethical brands can all make a difference. 30.5

A. Of the great myriad of problems which man and the world face today, there are three significant trends which stand above all others in importance: the unprecedented population growth throughout the world a net increase of 1,400,000 people per week and all of its associations and consequences the increasing urbanization of these people, so that more and more of them are rushing into cities and urban areas of the world; and the tremendous explosion of communication and social contact throughout the world, so that every part of the world is now aware of every other part. All of these trends are producing increased crowding and the perception of crowding.

B. It is important to emphasize at the outset that crowding and density are not necessarily the same. Density is the number of individuals per unit area or unit space. It is a simple physical measurement. Crowding is a product of density, communication, contact, and activity. It implies a pressure, a force, and a psychological reaction. It may occur at widely different densities. The frontiersman may have felt crowded when someone built a homestead a mile away. The suburbanite may feel relatively uncrowded in a small house on a half-acre lot if it is surrounded by trees, bushes, and a hedgerow, even though he lives under much higher physical density than did the frontiersman. Hence, crowding is very much a psychological and ecological phenomenon and not just a physical condition.

C. A classic crowding study was done by Calhoun (1962), who put rats into a physical environment designed to accommodate 50 rats and provided enough food, water, and nesting materials for the number of rats in the environment. The rat population peaked at 80, providing a look at cramped living conditions. Although the rats experienced no resource limitations other than space restriction, a number of negative conditions developed: the two most dominant males took harems of several female rats and occupied more than their share of space, leaving other rats even more crowded; many females stopped building nests and abandoned their infant rats; the pregnancy rate declined; infant and adult mortality rates increased; more aggressive and physical attacks occurred; sexual variation increased, including hypersexuality, inhibited sexuality, homosexuality, and bisexuality.

D. Calhoun's results have led to other research on crowding's effect on human beings, and these research findings have suggested that high density is not the single cause of negative effects on humans. When crowding is defined only in terms of spatial density (the amount of space per person), the effects of crowding are variable. However, if crowding is defined in terms of social density, or the number of people who must interact, then crowding better predicts negative psychological and physical effects.

E. There are several reasons why crowding makes us feel uncomfortable. One reason is related to stimulus overload - there are just too many stimuli competing for our attention. We cannot notice or respond to all of them. This feeling is typical of the harried mother, who has several children competing for her attention, while she is on the phone and the doorbell is ringing. This leaves her feeling confused, fatigued and yearning to withdraw from the situation. There are strong feelings of a lack of privacy - being unable to pay attention to what you want without being repeatedly interrupted or observed by others.

F. Field studies done in a variety of settings illustrate that social density is associated with negative effects on human beings. In prison studies, males generally became more aggressive with increases in density. In male prison, inmates living in conditions of higher densities were more likely to suffer from the fight. Males rated themselves as more aggressive in small rooms (a situation of high spatial density), whilst the females rated themselves as more aggressive in large rooms (Stokols et al., 1973). These differences relate to the different personal space requirements of the genders. Besides. Baum and Greenberg found that high density leads to decreased attraction, both physical attraction and liking towards others and it appears to have gender differences in the impact that density has on attraction levels, with males experiencing a more extreme reaction. Also, the greater the density is, the less the helping behavior. One reason why the level of helping behavior may be reduced in crowded situations links to the concept of diffusion of responsibility. The more people that are present in a situation that requires help, the less often help is given. This may be due to the fact that people diffuse responsibility among themselves with no one feeling that they ought to be the one to help.