Cách viết bài luận Ưu - Nhược điểm của một vấn đề (Advantages & Disadvantages)

Phần 1: Introduction

• General statement: paraphrase lại đề bài

> Nowadays,…

> It is increasingly clear that .....

> There is an irrefutable fact that…..

• Thesis statement: không được đưa ra ý kiến cá nhân, xét cả 2 mặt tốt và xấu của vấn đề được nêu ra.

> It is also believed that ...... has its/ their own advantages and disadvantages

Phần 2: Body

Paragraph 1: Viết về mặt tốt của vấn đề. (1 số synonyms thay thế cho từ advantage: benefit, merit, positive aspect, strong point)

• Câu topic sentence 1: It can be said that ..... has some noteworthy positive effects.
• Nói về ưu điểm 1: The main/most important advantage/benefit of .... is that ....
• Nói về ưu điểm 2: One/Another/An additional advantage of .... would be .... 
• Nói về ưu điểm 3: One/Another point in favor of ... is .....

Paragraph 2: Viết về mặt xấu của vấn đề. (1 số synonyms thay thế cho từ disadvantages: drawbacks, weakness, handicap, weak point, negative aspect)

• Câu topic sentence 2: Despite these aforementioned benefits, several drawbacks do exist. OR However, .... is not completely benefit, there are several negative aspects that should be taken into consideration.
• Nói về khuyết điểm 1: The main/most/serious disadvantage of ... is ...
• Nói về khuyết điểm 2: One/An additional disadvantage of .... would be ....
• Nói về khuyết điểm 3: Another negative aspect of .... would be ....

Lưu ý: 2 đoạn thân bài có độ dài bằng nhau, để tạo sự công bằng cho vấn đề.

Phần 3: Conclusion

Paraphrase thesis statement và nói tóm tắt lại các advantage & disadvantage

> In conclusion, it is worth considering that there are both advantage and disadvantage of ... The benefits are .... while the obstacles are ....

Phần 1: Introduction

• General statement: paraphrase lại đề bài

> It is true/obvious that ....

• Thesis statement: nêu rõ quan điểm của bản thân về vấn đề, vấn đề này đúng hay sai.

> While I can accept that ...... can somtimes have a positive effect on .... , I believe that they are/ it is more likely to have detrimental impact

Phần 2: Body

Paragraph 1: Viết về khía cạnh ít quan trọng hơn

• Câu topic sentence 1: On the one hand, I can say that .....
• Nói về điểm 1: The main reason for this is ...
• Nói về điểm 2: Furthermore/ In addition, it is acknowledge that/ it has been show that ...
• Nói về điểm 3: Last but not least,.....

Paragraph 2: Viết về khía cạnh quan trọng hơn

• Câu topic sentence 2: On the other hand, I would argue that these benefits are outweighed/eclipsed by the drawbacks. 
• Nói về điểm 1: It can be explain that .... 
• Nói về điểm 2: In addition, it is certain that .....
• Nói về điểm 3: Finally,....... For example, ......

Phần 3: Conclusion

Nêu lên vấn đề có cả 2 mặt advantage & disadvantage. Sau đó, nhấn mạnh quan điểm cá nhân advantage/ disadvantage cái nào quan trọng hơn.

> In conclusion, after weighing the pros and cons. I would say that the hazards of ...... have significant that the possible benefits.

Phần 1: Introduction

• General statement: paraphrase lại đề bài

> It is true/obvious that ........

• Thesis statement: nêu rõ quan điểm cá nhân là vấn này là positive hay negative hay là cả hai.

> This trend/phenomenon is positive due to ........

> This trend/phenomenon is negative because of ......

> This trend/phenomenon has both positive and negative aspects because of .....

Phần 2: Body (negative và positive)

Paragraph 1: Viết về mặt tốt của vấn đề. (1 số từ đồng nghĩa thay thế cho từ advantage: benefit, merit, positive aspect, strong point)

• Câu topic sentence 1: It can be said that ..... has some noteworthy positive effects.
• Nói về ưu điểm 1: The main/most important advantage/benefit of .... is that ....
• Nói về ưu điểm 2: One/Another/An additional advantage of .... would be .... 
• Nói về ưu điểm 3: One/Another point in favor of ... is .....

Paragraph 2: Viết về mặt xấu của vấn đề. (1 số từ đồng nghĩa thay thế cho từ disadvantages: drawbacks, weakness, handicap, weak point, negative aspect)

• Câu topic sentence 2: Despite these aforementioned benefits, several drawbacks do exist. OR However, .... is not completely benefit, there are several negative aspects that should be taken into consideration.
• Nói về khuyết điểm 1: The main/most/serious disadvantage of ... is ...
• Nói về khuyết điểm 2: One/An additional disadvantage of .... would be ....
• Nói về khuyết điểm 3: Another negative aspect of .... would be ....

Lưu ý: Nếu các bạn ủng hộ quan điểm nào, thì nhớ viết đoạn ý các bạn ủng hộ vào paragraph thứ 2 và viết dài hơn. Hãy lồng quan điểm của các bạn vào luôn.

Phần 3: Conclusion

• Đối với thiên về 1 quan điểm:

> In conclusion, I would say that the hazards of ...... have significant that the possible benefits.

• Đối vối quan điểm cân bằng: 

> In conclusion, it is worth considering that there are both advantage and disadvantage of ... The benefits are .... while the obstacles are ....

3.2. Cấu trúc

Advantages:

• The main advantage/disadvantage of ...... is ......
• Another reason is that it would benefit/handicap.......
• One/another additional advantage …. is ..….
• What makes ….. important ..… is …...
• One/Another point in favor of …... is ..…

• The main/most/serious disadvantage of ... is ...
• Another negative aspect of .... would be ....
• One/another/an additional disadvantage of …. is ….

Để chuyển đoạn, bạn nên sử dụng linh hoạt một số liên từ hoặc mẫu câu mang ý nghĩa nhượng bộ/đối lập. Dưới đây là một số mẫu câu ví dụ mà bạn có thể áp dụng cho mọi đề bài.

•  Despite these attractions, however, some drawbacks do exist…
•  Although … has many advantages, there still exist some noteworthy disadvantages.
•  However, … is not completely beneficial; there are some negative aspects that should be taken into consideration.

4. Bài luận mẫu

People now have the freedom to work and live anywhere in the world due to the development of communication technology and transportation.

Do the advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages?

These days many people choose to live or work in other countries, which has been made possible because of the convenience of air travel and modern communications. I believe that this has more benefits than drawbacks.

The disadvantage of this development is the distance that is put between family members. If a person moves away it is true that air travel and devices such as skype mean that communication and contact can be maintained. However, it is likely that a person will only be able to return one or two times a year during holidays, and speaking on skype or via email is not the same as face-to-face contact.

Despite this, there are significant advantages it can bring to people’s lives. Firstly, it means that people have the opportunity to see other parts of the world and the way people live. For example, people from the West often go to work in Asia or the Middle East and visa-versa. This enriches many people’s lives as they get to learn about other languages, traditions, cultures and different ways of working from their own country.

In addition to this, on a wider level it may also benefit other countries. If someone moves abroad for work, it is usually because their skill is required there. To illustrate, nurses and Doctors often move to work in hospitals in other countries when there is a shortage, so this is very valuable to the place they move to.

I would therefore argue that although there are disadvantages of the current trend to live and work abroad, they are outweighed by the advantages. It can enrich people’s lives and lives of the people in the countries that they move to.

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