Được dùng để liên kết một mệnh đề với một danh từ hay đại từ ở phía trước.
Cung cấp thêm thông tin hoặc mô tả danh từ hay đại từ ở trước đó mà không cần tạo câu mới.
Ví dụ minh họa:
It reminded him of the house that he used to live in.
The items, which are believed to be family heirlooms, included a grandfather clock worth around £3,000.
Ví dụ: The people who/that called yesterday want to buy the house.
Ví dụ: Carl, whose sister is famous, is a friend of mine.
Ví dụ:
That's the dog who doesn't like me.
He called James, who was a good friend as well as the family doctor.
Ví dụ:
Our doctor, whom we all liked very much, retired last week.
There was only one person to whom the old man spoke.
Ví dụ:
His best movie, which won several awards, was about the life of Gandhi.
He showed me round the town, which was very kind of him.
These are principles which we all believe in.
Ví dụ:
He's marrying a girl whose family doesn't seem to like him.
They live in a house whose roof could collapse at any time.
I belong to a literary club, most of whose members are teachers.
Ví dụ:
We can't find the chainsaw that we cut all the wood up with.
He told me about the places and people that he had seen in London.
Lưu ý: Phải dùng 'that' sau:
Ví dụ:
This is the best idea that you've ever had!
He can guess everything that you are thinking.
[question] - {977673, 982211, 973917, 977445, 974574, 978919, 973709, 972631}
Trạng từ quan hệ Where, When, Why có thể thay thế cho cấu trúc dưới đây để câu dễ hiểu hơn:
preposition + which
Ví dụ:
This is the hotel in which I was last summer. → This is the hotel where I was last summer.
Ví dụ:
England won the World Cup in 1966. It was the year when we got married.
Summer is the season when I'm happiest.
The summer when/in which I graduated was long and hot.
Ví dụ:
Do you remember the place where we caught the train?
Stratford-upon-Avon is the town where Shakespeare was born.
The bar in Barcelona where/in which I met my wife is still there.
Ví dụ:
The reason why I didn't contact you was that I was only in town for a few hours.
Do you want to know the reason why/for which he is angry with Sally?
[question] - {869422, 865445, 865210, 857669, 303151, 11538, 11776}
Có 6 cách để tạo ra một mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn:
Khi động từ trong mệnh đề ở thể chủ động (active), dùng cụm hiện tại phân từ.
Bỏ đại từ quan hệ + trợ động từ → Động từ + ing
Ví dụ:
The girl who sits next to Peter is my neighbor's daughter. → The girl sitting next to Peter is my neighbor's daughter.
Who is the girl who is sitting next to your brother? → Who is the girl sitting next to your brother?
A girl who works at a pub has won a lottery. → A girl working at a pub has won a lottery.
Khi động từ trong mệnh đề ở thể bị động (passive), dùng cụm quá khứ phân từ.
Bỏ đại từ quan hệ + be (was/were/is/are) → Giữ lại V3/ed
Ví dụ:
Yesterday I read a book which was written by Hemingway. → Yesterday I read a book written by Hemingway.
Most people who were invited to the party didn't turn up. → Most people invited to the party didn't turn up.
The man who is being taken away by the police is our neighbor. → The man being taken away by the police is our neighbor.
Trường hợp 1
Danh từ đứng trước có:
Ví dụ:
Mai is the last person who enters the room. → Mai is the last person to enter the room.
My little brother is the youngest person who takes part in that examination. → My little brother is the youngest person to take part in that examination.
Trường hợp 2
Động từ là have/had
Ví dụ:
They have much work that they must do. → They have much work to do.
Trường hợp 3
Đầu câu có here (be), there (be)
Ví dụ:
There are ten mobile phones which have to be sold today. → There are ten mobile phones to be sold today.
Khi mệnh đề có dạng: S + be + danh từ / cụm danh từ / cụm giới từ
Bỏ who/which + be
Ví dụ:
Mr Jackson, who is a professor, is traveling in the Mideast this year. → Mr Jackson, a professor, is traveling in the Mideast this year.
Do you like the book which is on the table? → Do you like the book on the table?
Công thức 1: Bỏ who/which + to be, giữ nguyên tính từ
Điều kiện áp dụng:
Ví dụ:
There must be something that is wrong. → There must be something wrong.
My grandmother, who is old and sick, never goes out of the house. → My grandmother, old and sick, never goes out of the house.
Công thức 2: Đem tính từ lên trước danh từ
Áp dụng: Các trường hợp còn lại (không thuộc Công thức 1)
Ví dụ:
My grandmother, who is sick, never goes out of the house. → My sick grandmother never goes out of the house.
I buy a hat which is very beautiful and fashionable. → I buy a very beautiful and fashionable hat.
Lưu ý đặc biệt:
Nếu cụm tính từ gồm cả danh từ ở trong nó → chỉ còn cách dùng V-ing
Ví dụ:
I met a man who was very good at both English and French. → I met a man being very good at both English and French.
Lưu ý:
Ví dụ:
I have a car which has four seats → I have a four-seat car
I had a holiday which lasted two days → I had a two-day holiday
Bạn đã nắm vững kiến thức cơ bản! Giờ là lúc nâng cao kỹ năng về Đại từ/Trạng từ quan hệ trên TAK12 theo từng level.
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