Đề ôn luyện Anh Chuyên các trường THPT Chuyên thuộc Sở HN (Ams, Nguyễn Huệ, Chu Văn An, Sơn Tây), biên soạn bởi thầy Nguyễn Thế Hải (Trưởng Bộ môn Tiếng Anh học thuật, Khoa Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành, trường ĐH Hà Nội; Quản lý học thuật một hệ thống đào tạo Anh ngữ lớn ở Hà Nội) - thành viên Ban cố vấn chuyên môn của TiengAnhK12
Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others.
antarctic
annotate
anthology
anxiety
Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others.
liaison
terrain
pertain
fountain
Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others.
migrate
designate
innately
considerate
Choose the word that differs from the rest in the position of the main stress.
Choose the word that differs from the rest in the position of the main stress.
You’d rather make the cake on your own without any help, _____?
My feet and hands get very cold and go _____ when I am skiing.
_____ one time, Manchester, New Hampshire, was the home of the most productive cotton mills in the world.
Rather than just evolving in a gradual, uniform manner, the earth may actually be _____ in a repeating cycle.
His new book is certainly out of the _____. I’ve never read anything like it before.
We believe in discipline in nurturing our children. We don't ______ the rod.
The wardrobe was so large that we had to ______ it to get it down the stairs.
_______, we have been travelling to work by bus since last week.
They asked their neighbours to keep an eye on the house ____ that burglars might break in.
Think of ONE word which can be used appropriately in all three sentences.
A. If ever you need a _________ of refuge, come to us.
B. A speculator wanted to _________ a large order for stock but couldn’t afford to pay for it.
C. John Hudson is away that week, so I will be attending the course in his ________.
Answer:
Think of ONE word which can be used appropriately in all three sentences.
A. Oh no, I've got a _______ on my new shirt!
B. Termites are often relatively easy to _______, especially in the early stages.
C. If you are on the ________, you are in the place where something is happening.
Answer:
Think of ONE word which can be used appropriately in all three sentences.
A. A football player who is ________ twice in a game is sent off the field.
B. Not only have they been ________ solid for months for convention week, but their meeting rooms are jammed with lavish receptions.
C. The band was ________ for a benefit show in Los Angeles.
Answer:
Complete each sentence using a verb from column A in the correct form and a suitable particle from column B. You can use any particle more than once.
|
A |
B |
|
blow, break, cast, die, fall, fit, go, keep, move, put |
in, off, out, on, through, to, behind |
When I questioned their methods, they me of the group.
Get that medicine over here fast, or this guy's gonna me.
When an offer to buy the airline , Midway was forced to stop operating.
They the campers with everything they needed.
My brother always just with no warning and expects me to entertain him.
Don't tell Sam -- he's incapable of anything himself.
After graduating from college, I decided to with my best friend.
The team last night's loss them and are looking forward to next week's game.
The power hours ago—what's taking them so long to get it back on?
The countries all diplomatic ties and went to war.
Give the correct form of the words in brackets to complete the passage below.
It can be hard to know when isolated (ANNOUNCE) become something more. Since last November, General Motors has cut several thousand factory jobs at plants across the Midwest. In early August US Steel said it would lay off 200 workers in Michigan. Sales of campervans dropped by 23% in the 12 months ending in July, threatening the (LIVE) of thousands of workers in Indiana, where many are made. Factory workers are not the only ones on edge. Lowes, a (RETAIL) , recently said it would slash thousands of jobs. Halliburton, an oil-services firm, is cutting too.
In any given month, even at the height of a boom, more than 5m Americans leave a job; nearly 2m are laid off. Most of the time, however, overall (EMPLOY) grows. But not all the time. America may or may not be lurching towards a recession now. For the time being employment and output continue to grow. But in the corners of the economy where trouble often rears its head (EARLY) , there are disconcerting portents.
Read the text and choose the best answer to fill in the blanks.
THE BBC ENGLISH DICTIONARY
The BBC, in the form of the language-teaching arm of the World Service, and Harper Collins have joined forces to publish the BBC English Dictionary, "A Dictionary for the World". It is at the 120 million listeners to the World Service who cannot find the expressions in dictionaries. on 70 million words broadcast at least ten times a year on the World Service, the compilers, by Prof. John Sinclair, have included expressions and word usage, without judging whether they are being used . Elizabeth Smith, the BBC's Controller of English Services, said: "Our language is on statements by real people, like politicians and which the BBC has accurately recorded. As broadcasters, we try to use a few idioms and metaphors but only to show that we live in the real world."
Fill each of the blanks 1-10 with a suitable word to complete the passage.
Precisely why SARS-COV-2 manifests itself in so many ways while all of the various strands of influenza present the same symptoms is not clear. But there are several theories. proposed by Stanley Perlman, an immunologist at the University of Iowa, is that in actual fact, nothing odd is really going on. The novel virus’s many faces are being noticed merely because it is a new disease and dangerous, and so is being studied intensely. He postulates that influenza were looked at with equal intensity, it might also be shown to manifest in other ways -as a mild winter stomach infection, for example.
An idea suggested by William James, a virologist at the University of Oxford, is that the two-phase activity of SARS-COV-2, it starts in the upper respiratory tract and then migrates deep into the lungs, is the critical factor that allows it to travel around the body. “Influenza rarely gets deep into the lungs,” he says. “This new virus gets down all the time.” Since the lungs are designed to move gases in and out of the bloodstream (their highly vascularised airs sacs have a collective surface area of about 50 square metres), viruses find it easy to a similar journey.
Dr Perlman agrees that this notion may be correct, but points out that the only way to be sure is to take samples from places than the respiratory tract, in people suffering from early stages of the infection, to see if virus migration depends on getting to the lungs first. As for the disease sometimes makes its initial appearance in the digestive system, as it did in Dr DeBenedet’s patient, this is probably because ACE2, the cell-surface protein that SARS-COV-2 binds to, is abundant in the gut as well as the lungs. How the virus gets through the highly acidic stomach unharmed is unknown. But clearly it can, and .
ACE2 is also found in the kidneys and the heart, which may help explain why symptoms manifest there, as well. By contrast, the entry molecules preferred by influenza viruses almost exclusive to the upper respiratory tract. Knowing all this may make identification of the early stages of covid-19 easier, and help to ease the plight of future cases like that of Dr DeBenedet’s patient.
Read the following passage then choose the best answer to each question below.
Hypnotism - is it real or just a circus trick?
Hypnosis has been shown through a number of rigorously controlled studies to reduce pain, control blood pressure, and even make warts go away. But because very few studies have attempted to define the actual processes involved, most scientists are sceptical of its power and uses. That scepticism has driven David Spiegel, a professor of psychiatry at Stanford University School of Medicine, USA, and other researchers to take a hard look at what happens in the brain during hypnosis.
Among researchers there are two schools of thought. One claims that hypnosis fundamentally alters subjects' state of mind: they enter a trance, which produces changes in brain activity. The other believes that hypnosis is simply a matter of suggestibility and relaxation. Spiegel belongs to the first school and over the years has had a debate with two scientists on the other side, Irving Kirsch, a University of Connecticut psychologist, and Stephen Kosslyn, a Harvard professor.
Kirsch often uses hypnosis in his practice and doesn't deny that it can be effective. 'With hypnosis you do put people in altered states,' he says. 'But you don't need a trance to do it.' To illustrate the point, Kirsch demonstrates how a subject holding a small object on a chain can make it swing in any direction by mere suggestion, the chain responding to minute movements in the tiny muscles of the fingers. 'You don't have to enter a trance for your subconscious and your body to act upon a suggestion,' Kirsch says. 'The reaction is the result of your focusing on moving the chain in a particular direction.'
Spiegel disagrees. One of his best known studies found that when subjects were hypnotised and given suggestions their brain wave patterns changed, indicating that they had entered a trance. In one of his studies, people under hypnosis were told their forearms were numb, then given light electrical shocks to the wrists. They didn't flinch or respond in any way, and their brain waves resembled those of people who experienced a much weaker shock. To Kirsch this still wasn't enough to prove the power of trance, but Stephen Kosslyn was willing to be convinced. Many external factors could have been responsible for the shift in the subjects' state of mind, but Kosslyn wondered, 'Is there really something going on in the brain?'
To find out, Spiegel and Kosslyn decided to collaborate on a study focusing on a part of the brain that is well understood: the circuit which has been found to process the perception of colour. Spiegel and Kosslyn wanted to see if subjects could set off the circuit by visualising colour while under hypnosis. They selected eight people for the experiment conducted at Massachusetts General Hospital. The subjects were put in a scanner and shown a slide with coloured rectangles while their brain activity was mapped. Then they were shown a black and white slide and told to imagine its having colour. Both tasks were then repeated under hypnosis.
The results were striking. When the subjects truly saw the coloured rectangles, the circuit lit up on both sides of the brain; when they only had to imagine the colour, the circuit lit up only in the right hemisphere. Under hypnosis, however, both sides of the brain became active, just as in regular sight; imagination seemed to take on the quality of a hallucination.
After the experiment, Kosslyn was forced to admit, 'I'm absolutely convinced now that hypnosis can boost what mental imagery does.' But Kirsch remained sceptical, saying, 'The experiments demonstrate that people are experiencing the effects of hypnotic suggestion but don't prove that they are entering a trance.' He also argued that' subjects were told to see the card in colour when they were hypnotised but only to imagine it in colour when they weren't. 'Being told to pretend you're having an experience is different from the suggestion to have the experience.'
Spiegel, however, is a clinician first and a scientist second. He believes the most important thing is that doctors recognise the power of hypnosis and start to use it. Working with Elvira Lang, a radiologist at a Harvard Medical Centre, he is testing the use of hypnosis in the operating room just as he and Kosslyn did in the scanner. Spiegel and Lang took 241 patients scheduled for surgery and divided them into three groups. One group received standard care, another standard care with a sympathetic care provider and the third received standard care, a sympathetic care provider and hypnosis. Every 15 minutes the patients were asked to rate their pain and anxiety levels. They were also hooked up to pain-killing medication which they could administer to themselves.
On average, Spiegel and Lang found the hypnotised subjects used less medication, experienced less pain and felt far less anxiety than the other two groups. Original results published in The Lancet have been further supported by ongoing studies conducted by Lang.
Spiegel's investigations into the nature of hypnosis and its effects on the brain continue. However, if hypnosis is ever to work its way into mainstream medicine and everyday use, physicians will need to know there is solid science behind what sounds like mysticism. Only then will their reluctance to using such things as mind over matter be overcome. 'I agree that the medical use of hypnotism should be based on data rather than belief,' says Spiegel, 'but in the end it doesn't really matter why it works, as long as it helps our patients.'
Kirsch uses a small object on a chain to demonstrate that ____.
Spiegel disagrees with Kirsch because the subjects in Spiegel's experiment ____.
Kosslyn's response to Spiegel's electric shock experiment was to ____.
Spiegel and Kosslyn's experiment was designed to show that hypnosis ____.
Kirsch thought that Spiegel and Kosslyn's results ____.
In Spiegel and Lang’s experiment, hypnotised patients _____.
What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
All of the following statements are true according to the reading passage EXCEPT ________.
Read the article. For questions 1-6, choose from the sections (A-D). The paragraphs may be chosen more than once.
WE’VE SEEN IT ALL BEFORE!
Just how many of the technological advances we take for granted today were actually predicted in science fiction years ago? Karen Smith checks out four influential works.
A. R.U.R
Originally a word that appeared solely in science fiction, the term robot has now become commonplace as developments in technology have allowed scientists to design ever more complex machines that can perform tasks to assist us at work or home. But how did the word originate and when? To answer this, we have to go back nearly 100 years to a play written in 1920 by a Czech playwright, Karel Capek, called R.U.R — Rossum's Universal Robots. The word is a derivation from the Czech robota, meaning 'forced labour', or rob, meaning 'slave'. Capek's robots are biological machines which are uncannily similar to what we today refer to as 'clones' or 'androids' but are assembled from various parts rather than being genetically 'grown.' The play eerily predicts problems that concern people today regarding machines that can think independently. Rossum's robots plan a rebellion against their creator, a man who in his own words, wants to 'play God'. The famous science fiction writer Isaac Asimov was unimpressed by the literary value of Capek's play but believed it had enormous significance because it introduced the word robot to the world.
B. Ralph 124C41+
If you're a science fiction aficionado, you'll definitely have heard of Hugo Gernsback. Considered by many to be the founding father of science fiction back in 1926 with the publication of his magazine Amazing Stories, his name has been immortalised in the annual science fiction awards, the 'Hugos'. However, the quality of his writing is questionable and his stories are more highly regarded for their content rather than plot or character development. Gernsback was deeply interested in the world of electronics and, believing that science-fiction should inspire future scientists, he filled his stories with ideas for numerous new gadgets and electronic devices. An extraordinary number of his predictions have actually come true. Today we have television, televised phone calls, sliding doors and remote controls, to name only a few, and the precursors of many of these can be found in just one novel: Ralph 124C41+. The mystifying title is itself a prediction of language used in text talk today: 'one to foresee for all (1+)'! Gernsback's prophetic stories included other predictions which currently remain unfulfilled, such as complete weather control, thought records and aircabs. Watch this space!
C. From the London Town of 1904
Mark Twain is a familiar name to most of us as the author of magnificent books such as Huckleberry Finn and Tom Sawyer. He is less well-known, however, for his science fiction but to avid readers of that genre, he is considered one of the best writers of all time. It is also quite possible that he predicted one of the most influential scientific inventions the world has ever seen —something that we all use and rely on every day: the internet! It is in a little-known short story called From the London Town of 1904 that a character invents a device called a 'telectroscope'. This is a machine that uses telephone line links across the world to enable him to see and hear what is going on in any place on the globe at a given time. How familiar does that sound? The character, while on death row for a murder that he did not commit, uses his machine to 'call up' different places in the world and the narrator of the story comments that although in a prison cell, the man is 'almost as free as the birds.'
D. Star Trek
These days mobile phones have become such an integral part of our daily lives that we would be lost without them but there was a time when we had to communicate using landlines or—horror of horrors — by writing letters! Viewers watching the birth of a new TV science fiction series in the 1960s would have been amazed at the thought that the 'communicator' used by Star Trek's Captain Kirk would one day become an everyday form of communication available to us all. Kirk's 'communicator' was a small device he used to flip open and, in retrospect, it seems surprisingly similar to a mobile phone that became popular in the late 90s. The long-running series also featured several other devices that have since moved from fiction to the real world. However, the famous Star Trek 'Transporter', through which people can immediately materialise in different places, still remains the Holy Grail for many in the world of science. Now, that really would make a difference to our lives. 'Beam us up, Scottie,' please?
Which science fiction work ...
had a purpose other than pure entertainment?
presented a concept that is familiar today but through a different process?
was written by an author who has more famous fictional creations?
features machines that threaten to cause the downfall of man?
shows us a device that would have enormous significance for us if it really existed?
was created by a writer whose name will never be forgotten?
Complete the second sentence using the word given so that it has the same meaning to the first.
He was taken on by a Big-4 auditing firm right after graduation. (LANDED)
=> On graduation, ...... with a Big-4 auditing firm.
Complete the second sentence using the word given so that it has the same meaning to the first.
The new sports center is to have something for everyone. (GOING)
=> Everyone ...... at the new sports center.
Complete the second sentence using the word given so that it has the same meaning to the first.
As a singer, Sky has recently become involved in more diverse music styles. (BRANCHED)
=> Recently, Sky ...... other styles of music.
Complete the second sentence using the word given so that it has the same meaning to the first.
Her teacher is very happy with her at the moment. (BOOKS)
=> She ...... at the moment.
Complete the second sentence using the word given so that it has the same meaning to the first.
They stopped manufacturing the product as nobody was buying it anymore. (DEMAND)
=> They would still manufacture it if there ..........
Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first.
Jimmy sat on the fence looking lost and alone.
=> On .……….
Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first.
I realized who she was when she took her sunglasses off.
=> It ……….
Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first.
He hurt his wife so much due to his rude behavior.
=> Had ……
Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first.
The studio was planning a sequel but they never made it because of budget issues.
=> Although a sequel ……….
Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first.
You can't know how hard it is to have a novel published until you try.
=> Once you've …….
Write an academic essay of about 250 words on the following topic.
Nowadays online shopping is rapidly replacing physical shopping in stores. What are the positives and negatives of this development, in your opinion?
Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.