Listen to the audio and fill in the blanks. You can hear the audio TWICE
Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.
‘Self-regulatory focus theory’ and leadership
Self-regulatory focus theory
People’s focus is to approach pleasure or avoid pain
Promotion goals focus on
Prevention goals emphasise avoiding punishment
Factors that affect people’s focus
The Chronic Factor
The Factor
How people’s focus affects them
Promotion Focus: People think about an ideal version of themselves, their and their gains.
Prevention Focus: People think about their ‘ought’ self and their obligations
Leaders
Leadership behaviour and affects people’s focus
Transformational Leaders:
Transactional Leaders:
Conclusion
Promotion Focus is good for jobs requiring
Prevention Focus is good for work such as a surgeon
Leaders’ actions affect which focus people use
(Cambridge IELTS 10, Test 3)
Listen to the audio and fill in the blanks with the correct letters. You will hear the audio TWICE.
You will hear five short extracts in which people are talking about things that have recently happened to them at work.
While you listen, you must complete BOTH tasks.
TASK ONE
For questions 1-5, choose from the list A-H what each speaker is talking about.
A. receiving an unwelcome visitor B. being blamed for something C. making a terrible mistake D. receiving an unexpected offer E. doing something uncharacteristic F. resolving a misunderstanding G. avoiding an argument H. changing an opinion of someone |
Speaker 1: Speaker 2: Speaker 3: Speaker 4: Speaker 5: |
TASK TWO
For questions 6-10, choose from the list A-H the main feeling each speaker is expressing.
A. amusement B. anger C. guilt D. confusion E. resignation F. shock G. suspicion H. sadness |
Speaker 1: Speaker 2: Speaker 3: Speaker 4: Speaker 5: |
(Listening C1, CAE 2, Test 1)