Dạng bài Word form/formation (thành lập từ phù hợp từ từ gốc cho sẵn) sẽ trở nên dễ dàng hơn nếu bạn "nằm lòng" các word families thông dụng trong tiếng Anh. Mỗi khi học một từ mới, bạn nên học tất cả các từ loại liên quan, bao gồm cả tiền tố hoặc hậu tố cấu tạo từ trái nghĩa. Vốn từ vựng rộng rãi có được từ thói quen đó sẽ giúp bạn linh hoạt, uyển chuyển hơn khi nói hoặc viết tiếng Anh.
Word family (họ từ) là những từ có cùng gốc nghĩa, gồm một từ gốc và các từ thuộc loại từ khác (danh từ/tính từ/trạng từ/động từ) được thành lập bằng cách thêm tiền tố hoặc hậu tố nào đó vào từ gốc.
Ví dụ: từ gốc beaut có thể dùng để thành lập ra danh từ beauty, động từ beautify, tính từ beautiful, và trạng từ beautifully.
Để biết các từ khác loại cùng gốc với một từ, bạn có thể tra cứu trong bảng danh sách các word families phổ dụng mà TAK12 đã tổng hợp sau đây và tham khảo chiến lược, bí quyết ôn luyện để dễ dàng đạt điểm tuyệt đối dạng bài Word formation.
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Lưu ý: danh sách này không bao gồm:
| VERB | NOUN | ADJECTIVE | ADVERB |
|---|---|---|---|
| enable | ability | able, unable | ably |
| absence, absentee | absent | ||
| accident | accidental | ||
| accommodate | accommodation | ||
| acknowledge | acknowledgement | ||
| act | action, activity, activist, actress, actor | active, inactive | |
| activate | activation | ||
| add | addition, additive | additional, additive | |
| adequacy, inadequacy | adequate, inadequate | ||
| admire | admiration | admirable | admirably |
| advantage, disadvantage | advantageous, disadvantageous | ||
| advertise | advertisement, advertiser | ||
| admit | admission, admittance | ||
| adopt | adoption | ||
| advise | advice, advisability | advisable, inadvisable | advisably, inadvisably |
| affection | affectionate, unaffectionate | ||
| affect | effect | effective, ineffective | |
| agree, disagree | agreement, disagreement | agreeable, disagreeable | agreeably, disagreeably |
| alcohol | alcoholic | alcoholically | |
| allow | allowance | ||
| ambition | ambitious | ||
| amuse | amusement | ||
| annoy | annoyance | ||
| excite | excitement | ||
| anxiety | anxious | ||
| apologise | apology | apologetic | apologetically |
| appear, disappear | appearance, disappearance | apparent | apparently |
| applaud | applause, applauder | ||
| apply | application, applicant | applicable | applicably |
| appoint | appointment | ||
| appreciate | appreciation | appreciative | |
| approve, disapprove | approval, disapproval | ||
| argue | argument, argumentation | arguable, argumentative | arguably |
| arrange | arrangement | ||
| arrive | arrival | ||
| assist | assistance | ||
| associate | association | ||
| assume | assumption | ||
| astonish | astonishment | ||
| attend | attendance | ||
| attention | attentive | ||
| attract | attraction, attractiveness, unattractiveness | attractive, unattractive | |
| avoid | avoidance | avoidable, unavoidable | avoidably, unavoidably |
| VERB | NOUN | ADJECTIVE | ADVERB |
|---|---|---|---|
| base | base, basis, basic | basic | basically |
| beautify | beauty, beautician | beautiful | beautifully |
| believe | belief, disbelief | believable, unbelievable | believably, unbelievably |
| bleed | blood | ||
| bravery | brave | ||
| breathe | breath | breathless | |
| broaden | breadth | broad | |
| brighten | brightness | bright | |
| brilliance | brilliant | ||
| bury | burial |
| VERB | NOUN | ADJECTIVE | ADVERB |
|---|---|---|---|
| calculate | calculation, calculator | ||
| caution | cautious | ||
| change | change, changeability | changeable, unchangeable | |
| child, childhood | childish, childlike | ||
| choose | choice | ||
| circle | circle | circular | |
| civilise | civilisation, civics | civil, civic, civilised, uncivilised | |
| classify | class, classification | ||
| enclose | enclosure | ||
| collect | collection, collector | collective | |
| comfort | comfort, discomfort | comfortable, uncomfortable | comfortably, uncomfortably |
| compare | comparison | comparative, comparable | comparably |
| compel | compulsion | compulsory | compulsorily |
| compete | competition, competitor | competitive | |
| complete | completion | complete, incomplete | |
| compose | composition, composer | ||
| conclude | conclusion | ||
| confirm | confirmation | ||
| confide | confidence | confident, unconfident, confidential | |
| confess | confession | ||
| confirm | confirmation | confirmed, unconfirmed | |
| confuse | confusion | ||
| congratulate | congratulation | ||
| consciousness, unconsciousness | conscious, unconscious | ||
| conserve | conservation | ||
| consider | consideration | considerable, inconsiderable | considerably, inconsiderably |
| construct | construction | constructive | |
| consume | consumption | ||
| continue, discontinue | continuation, discontinuation | continuous, discontinuous, continual | |
| convenience, inconvenience | convenient, inconvenient | ||
| converse | conversation | conversational | |
| cook | cook, cooker, cookery | ||
| correct | correction | correct, incorrect, corrective | |
| encourage, discourage | courage, encouragement, discouragement | courageous | |
| cowardice | coward | ||
| create | creation, creature, creator | creative | |
| crime, criminal | criminal | ||
| criticize | critic, criticism | critical | |
| curiosity | curious | ||
| cruelty | cruel | ||
| custom | customary |
| VERB | NOUN | ADJECTIVE | ADVERB |
|---|---|---|---|
| damage | damage | ||
| endanger | danger | dangerous | |
| darken | darkness | dark | |
| day | daily | ||
| deafen | deafness | deaf | |
| deceit | deceitful | ||
| decide | decision | decisive, indecisive | |
| decorate | decoration, decorator | ||
| deepen | depth | deep | |
| defend | defence, defendant | defensive, indefensible | indefensibly |
| deliver | delivery | deliverable, undeliverable | |
| depend | dependence, independence | dependent, independent | |
| describe | description | descriptive, describable, indescribable | |
| destroy | destruction | destructive, non-destructive | |
| determine | determination | determined, undetermined | |
| develop | development | ||
| dictate | dictation | dictatorial | |
| die | death | dead, deadly | |
| differ | difference | different | |
| differentiate | differentiation | ||
| direct | direction, director, directory | direct, indirect | |
| discover | discovery | ||
| discuss | discussion | ||
| distance | distant | ||
| distribute | distribution | ||
| disturb | disturbance | ||
| divide | division | divisive | |
| doubt | doubt | doubtful | |
| dust, duster | dusty |
| VERB | NOUN | ADJECTIVE | ADVERB |
|---|---|---|---|
| ease | easy | easily | |
| economise | economy, economics | economic, economical, uneconomical | |
| educate | education | educational | |
| efficiency | efficient, inefficient | ||
| elect | election | ||
| electrify | electricity, electrician | electric, electrical | |
| embarrass | embarrassment | ||
| employ | employment, unemployment, employee, employer | ||
| enjoy | enjoyment | enjoyable | enjoyably |
| enter | entrance | ||
| enthuse | enthusiasm, enthusiast | enthusiastic, unenthusiastic | enthusiastically, unenthusiastically |
| equalise | equalisation, equality, inequality | equal, unequal | equally |
| except | exception | ||
| exhibit | exhibition | ||
| expense | expensive, inexpensive | ||
| explain | explanation | explanatory, explicable, inexplicable | |
| explode | explosion | explosive | |
| express | expression | ||
| extend | extension | extensive | extensively |
| extinction | extinct |
| VERB | NOUN | ADJECTIVE | ADVERB |
|---|---|---|---|
| fail | failure | ||
| falsify | falsity, falsehood | false | |
| fame | famous, infamous | famously | |
| fashion | fashionable, unfashionable | fashionably, unfashionably | |
| fatten | fat, fatness | fat, fattening | |
| fault | faulty, faultless | faultily | |
| favor | favor, favorite | favorable, unfavorable, favoured, favorite | favorably, unfavorably |
| fear | fear, fearlessness | afraid, fearful, fearless | |
| fertilise | fertility, fertiliser | fertile | |
| fit | fitness | unfit, misfit | |
| fly | flight | ||
| foot, footprint, footstep | |||
| forget | forgetfulness | forgetful | forgetfully |
| forgive | forgivingness | ||
| form | formation, deformity | formative | formatively |
| fortune, misfortune | fortunate, unfortunate | fortunately, unfortunately | |
| formalise | formality | formal | formally |
| free | freedom | free | freely |
| refresh | refreshment | fresh | |
| frequency, infrequency | frequent, infrequent | frequently | |
| befriend | friend, friendship | friendly, unfriendly | |
| furnish | furniture, furnisher | furnished, unfurnished |
| VERB | NOUN | ADJECTIVE | ADVERB |
|---|---|---|---|
| generosity | generous | generously | |
| gentleness | gentle | gently | |
| gold | golden | ||
| govern | government, governor | ||
| greed | greedy | ||
| grow | growth | ||
| guilt | guilty |
| VERB | NOUN | ADJECTIVE | ADVERB |
|---|---|---|---|
| happiness, unhappiness | happy, unhappy | happily, unhappily | |
| hasten | haste | hasty | hastily |
| hate | hatred, hatefulness | hateful | hatefully |
| head | head, headline, headache, heading | ||
| heal | health | healthy, unhealthy | healthily, unhealthily |
| heat | heat, heater | hot | |
| heighten | height | high | |
| hero, heroine, heroism | heroic | heroically | |
| hesitate | hesitation | hesitative | |
| hinder | hindrance | ||
| honesty | honest, dishonest | ||
| honour, dishonour | honourable, dishonourable | ||
| horizon | horizontal | ||
| house, household, housekeeper, housewife | |||
| hunger | hungry | hungrily |
| VERB | NOUN | ADJECTIVE | ADVERB |
|---|---|---|---|
| ice | icy | ||
| identify | identification | identified, unidentified | |
| imagine | image, imagination | imaginary, imaginative, unimaginative | imaginarily |
| imitate | imitation | imitative | |
| importance | important, unimportant | ||
| impress | impression | impressive | |
| improve | improvement | ||
| include | inclusion | inclusive | |
| industrialise | industry, industrialist | industrial, industrialised | |
| infer | inference | ||
| influence | influence | influential | |
| inform, misinform | information | informative, uninformative | |
| injure | injury | ||
| innocence | innocent | ||
| inquire | inquiry | ||
| insure | insurance | ||
| intellectualise | intellect, intellectual | intellectual | |
| intend | intention | intentional, unintentional | |
| interest, disinterest | interest, disinterest | uninterested, uninteresting | |
| interpret | interpretation | ||
| interrupt | interruption | ||
| interrogate | interrogation | interrogative | |
| introduce | introduction | ||
| invent | invention | inventive | |
| invite | invitation |
| VERB | NOUN | ADJECTIVE | ADVERB |
|---|---|---|---|
| jealousy | jealous | ||
| joy | joyous, joyful | ||
| juice | juicy | ||
| judge, misjudge | judge, justice | just, unjust | just |
| justify | justification |
| VERB | NOUN | ADJECTIVE | ADVERB |
|---|---|---|---|
| know | knowledge | knowledgeable |
| VERB | NOUN | ADJECTIVE | ADVERB |
|---|---|---|---|
| laugh | laughter | laughable | |
| lead, mislead | leader, leadership | ||
| legalise | legality, illegality | legal, illegal | legally, illegally |
| lend | loan | ||
| lengthen | length | long | |
| lessen | less | ||
| lighten | light, lighter, lighthouse, lightness | light | |
| literature, literacy, illiteracy | literary, literate, illiterate | ||
| live | life | live, lively, alive | |
| loneliness, aloneness | lonely, alone | ||
| lose | loss | ||
| loosen | looseness | loose | |
| loyalty, disloyalty | loyal, disloyal | ||
| luck | lucky | luckily |
| VERB | NOUN | ADJECTIVE | ADVERB |
|---|---|---|---|
| maintain | maintenance | ||
| manage, mismanage | management, mismanagement, manager, manageress | managerial, manageable, unmanageable | |
| marry | marriage | ||
| measure | measurement | measurable | measurably |
| mechanic, mechanism | mechanical | ||
| memorise | memory, memo | memorial | |
| modernise | modernisation, modernity | modern | |
| modify | modification | ||
| moralise | morality, immorality | moral, immoral | |
| mother, motherhood | motherly | ||
| mountain, mountaineer | mountainous | ||
| multiply | multiplication | multiple | |
| mystery | mysterious |
| VERB | NOUN | ADJECTIVE | ADVERB |
|---|---|---|---|
| nationalize | nation, nationality | national | |
| naturalise | nature | natural, unnatural | |
| necessitate | necessity | necessary, unnecessary | necessarily, unnecessarily |
| neglect | negligence | negligible, negligent | negligibly |
| unnerve | nerve | nervous | nervously |
| noise | noisy | noisily | |
| notice | notice | noticeable, unnoticed | noticeably |
| VERB | NOUN | ADJECTIVE | ADVERB |
|---|---|---|---|
| obey, disobey | obedience, disobedience | obedient, disobedient | |
| object | objection, objectivity | objective, objectionable, unobjectionable | objectionably |
| oblige, obligate | obligation | obligatory | |
| observe | observation, observant, observatory | ||
| occasion | occasional | ||
| occupy | occupation, occupant | ||
| officiate | office, officer, official | official, unofficial | |
| omit | omission | ||
| operate | operation | ||
| originate | origin, originality | original | |
| own | owner, ownership |
| VERB | NOUN | ADJECTIVE | ADVERB |
|---|---|---|---|
| pack | packet, package | ||
| part | part, partner, particle | partial | |
| patience, impatience | patient, impatient | ||
| pay | payment, payee | payable, unpaid | |
| peculiarity | peculiar | ||
| permit | permission | permissive | |
| person, personality | personal, impersonal | ||
| perceive | perception | perceptive, unperceptive | |
| perfect | perfection | perfect, imperfect | |
| perform | performance | ||
| permanence, permanency | permanent | ||
| persuade | persuasion | persuasive, unpersuasive | |
| please | pleasure, displeasure | pleasurable | |
| plenty | plentiful | ||
| politics, politician | political | ||
| poison | poisonous | ||
| popularise | popularity, unpopularity | popular, unpopular | |
| populate | population | ||
| poverty | poor | ||
| possess | possession, possessor | possessive | |
| post | postage | postal | |
| possibility, impossibility | possible, impossible | possibly, impossibly | |
| practicality, practicability | practical, impractical, practicable, impracticable | ||
| practise | practice, practitioner | ||
| prefer | preference | preferable | preferably |
| present | presence | present | |
| preserve | preservation | preservative | |
| press | pressure | ||
| prevent | prevention | preventive | |
| pride | proud | ||
| imprison | prison, prisoner, imprisonment | ||
| probability, improbability | probable, improbable | probably, improbably | |
| produce | production, product, producer | productive, unproductive | |
| profession | professional, unprofessional | ||
| profit | profit | profitable, unprofitable | profitably, unprofitably |
| pronounce, mispronounce | pronunciation, mispronunciation | ||
| propose | proposal | ||
| protect | protection | protective | |
| prove, disprove | proof, disproof | ||
| publicise | publicity | public | |
| punctuality | punctual | ||
| punish | punishment | ||
| purify | purity, impurity | pure, impure |
| VERB | NOUN | ADJECTIVE | ADVERB |
|---|---|---|---|
| qualify | qualification | qualified, disqualified | |
| quarrel | quarrel | quarrelsome |
| VERB | NOUN | ADJECTIVE | ADVERB |
|---|---|---|---|
| rapidity, rapidness | rapid | rapidly | |
| realise | realisation, reality, realist | real, unreal, realistic, unrealistic | |
| reason | reasonable, unreasonable | reasonably, unreasonably | |
| receive | receiver, receipt, recipient, reception, receptionist | receptive, unreceptive | |
| recognise | recognition | recognisable, unrecognisable | |
| recommend | recommendation | ||
| reduce | reduction | ||
| reflect | reflection | ||
| regret | regret | regrettable, regretful | regrettably |
| regularise | regularity, irregularity | regular, irregular | |
| refer | reference, referee, referent | referent | |
| refuse | refusal | ||
| relieve | relief | ||
| religion | religious, unreligious | ||
| repeat | repetition | repeatable, unrepeatable | |
| reside | residence, resident | residential | |
| resign | resignation | ||
| respect | respect, respectability, disrespect | respectful, respectable, unrespectable | respectably, respectfully |
| respond | response | ||
| responsibility, irresponsibility | responsible, irresponsible | responsibly, irresponsibly | |
| enrich | richness | rich | |
| rob | robber, robbery | ||
| romance | romantic, unromantic | romantically | |
| roughen | roughness | rough | |
| royalty | royal |
| VERB | NOUN | ADJECTIVE | ADVERB |
|---|---|---|---|
| sadden | sadness | sad | |
| satisfy | satisfaction, dissatisfaction | satisfied, unsatisfied, satisfactory, unsatisfactory | |
| save | safety, safe | safe, unsafe | |
| scarcity | scarce | ||
| scene, scenery | scenic | ||
| science, scientist | scientific | scientifically | |
| season | seasonal | ||
| secure | security | secure, insecure | |
| select | selection | selective | |
| sense | sense, sensation | sensitive, insensitive, senseless, sensible, insensible, sensational | |
| separate | separation | separate, separable, inseparable | |
| serve | service, servant | ||
| shade | shady | ||
| shame | shame | shameless, ashamed, shameful | |
| sharpen | sharpness | sharp | |
| shorten | shortage | short | |
| sign | signature | ||
| silence | silent | ||
| similarity, dissimilarity | similar, dissimilar | ||
| simplify | simplicity | simple | simply |
| situate | situation | ||
| sincerity | sincere | ||
| sleep | sleep, sleeper | sleepy, sleepless, asleep | sleepily |
| slip | slip, slipper | slippery | |
| smooth | smoothness | smooth | |
| soften | softness | soft | |
| solve | solution | ||
| sorrow | sorry, sorrowful | ||
| speak | speech | speechless | |
| spell, misspell | spelling, misspelling | ||
| stabilize | stability, instability | stable, unstable | |
| state | statement | ||
| stone | stony | ||
| stop | stopper, stoppage | ||
| straighten | straightness | straight | |
| strengthen | strength | strong | |
| stupidity | stupid | ||
| succeed | success | successful | |
| sun | sunny, suntanned, sunburned | ||
| suffice | sufficiency | sufficient, insufficient | |
| support | support, supporter | supportive | |
| suspect | suspect | suspicious, unsuspicious | |
| sweeten | sweetness | sweet | |
| systematize | system | systematic, unsystematic | |
| sympathise | sympathy | sympathetic, unsympathetic |
| VERB | NOUN | ADJECTIVE | ADVERB |
|---|---|---|---|
| talk | talk | talkative | |
| taste | taste, taster, tastefulness, tastelessness | tasty, tasteful, tasteless | tastefully, tastelessly |
| tend | tendency | ||
| thicken | thickness | thick | |
| think | thought | thoughtful | |
| threaten | threat | ||
| tighten | tightness | tight | |
| entitle | title | ||
| toughen | toughness | tough | |
| translate | translation, translator | ||
| treat | treatment | ||
| trouble | troublesome | ||
| truth, truthfulness | true, truthful | truly | |
| entrust | trust, trustee | trustworthy | |
| type | typical, untypical | ||
| type | typist, typeface, typesetter, typewriter | typewritten |
| VERB | NOUN | ADJECTIVE | ADVERB |
|---|---|---|---|
| unite | union, unit, unity | ||
| urge | urgency | urgent | urgently |
| use | use, user, usefulness | useful, useless |
| VERB | NOUN | ADJECTIVE | ADVERB |
|---|---|---|---|
| vacancy | vacant | ||
| vaccinate | vaccination, vaccine | ||
| validate | validity | valid, invalid | |
| value | value | valuable, invaluable | valuably, invaluably |
| vary | variety, variation, variability | variable, invariable, various | variably, invariably |
| vibrate | vibration | vibrant | |
| violence | violent | ||
| visibility, invisibility, invisibleness | visible, invisible | visibly, invisibly | |
| visualise | visual |
| VERB | NOUN | ADJECTIVE | ADVERB |
|---|---|---|---|
| wake, awake, awaken | awake | ||
| warm | warmth | warm | |
| wave | wavy | ||
| wealth | wealthy | ||
| weaken | weakness | weak | |
| weigh | weight, weightiness | weightless | |
| widen | width | wide, widespread | |
| wisdom | wise, unwise | ||
| wool | woollen | ||
| work | work, worker, workshop | workless | |
| worth | worthless, worthy |
| VERB | NOUN | ADJECTIVE | ADVERB |
|---|---|---|---|
| x-ray | x-ray |
| VERB | NOUN | ADJECTIVE | ADVERB |
|---|---|---|---|
| youth, young, youngster, youthfulness | young, younger, youthful | youthfully |
| VERB | NOUN | ADJECTIVE | ADVERB |
|---|---|---|---|
| zeal, zealousness, zealot | zealous | zealously | |
| zip, unzip | zip, zipper, zip fastener | ||
| zoo, zoologist, zoology | zoological |
Nếu bạn muốn tải về, in ra danh sách các word families phổ dụng để tra cứu offline, có thể tham khảo link sau:
Ngoài ra, bạn cũng có thể ôn luyện các word families thông qua việc luyện dạng bài Word form theo trình độ A2 và B1 trong chương trình tự học nâng cao trên TAK12.
Để có vốn từ vựng phong phú, chắc chắn bạn cần đọc càng nhiều càng tốt! Lưu ý rằng mỗi khi học một từ mới, bạn nên học tất cả các từ loại liên quan, bao gồm cả tiền tố hoặc hậu tố cấu tạo từ trái nghĩa. Từ điển tuyệt vời để bạn tra word families là azVocab.ai. Ví dụ khi bạn tra từ PLAY, bên cạnh nghĩa và ví dụ, azVocab còn cung cấp chi tiết "play" word family:
👉 Nếu với từ gốc được cho, bạn lỡ không biết sẵn các từ cùng họ với nó, hãy sử dụng các công thức thành lập từ để đoán ra từ cần sử dụng.
Bạn cần xác định từ loại cần dùng trong ngữ cảnh được cho phải là gì: danh từ, động từ, tính từ hay trạng từ? Hướng dẫn tóm tắt:
Function: Names a person, place, or thing.
Function: Expresses an action, doing something.
Function: Describes or modifies a noun.
Function: Modifies a verb, adjective, or other adverb.
Đầu tiên, hãy bắt đầu với dạng bài Word form yêu cầu bạn chọn một loại từ trong số các từ thuộc cùng một word family được cho sẵn để hoàn thành câu. Đề thi THPTQG nhiều năm trở lại đây đều có một câu trắc nghiệm chọn word form như vậy.
Luyện tập dạng bài word form nêu trên có thể giúp bạn củng cố kiến thức ngữ pháp và biết thêm nhiều từ vựng thuộc các từ loại khác nhau của các họ từ.
Sau đó, hãy chuyển sang dạng bài word formation mà bạn sẽ gặp trong bài thi FCE hoặc trong các đề thi vào 10 chuyên Anh. Dạng bài này khó hơn ở chỗ bạn không được chọn từ các phương án gợi ý sẵn, mà sẽ chỉ được cho sẵn từ gốc, và phải tự viết ra được từ loại đúng để sử dụng trong ngữ cảnh được cho.
Như vậy trong bài viết này, TAK12 đã cung cấp danh sách các word families phổ biến thường dùng và cách để làm tốt dạng bài word formation. Thông thuộc các từ có trong danh sách này, kết hợp với hiểu am hiểu các thành phần của câu để xác định được đúng từ loại cần dùng, sẽ vừa giúp bạn dễ dàng chinh phục các bài word formation khó nhằn, vừa có khả năng uyển chuyển hơn khi nói hoặc viết các câu tiếng Anh.
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