Tìm hiểu chi tiết 02 Writing Tasks của IELTS Academic

Trong cấu trúc của một đề thi IELTS, phần Writing luôn là phần khiến các bạn thí sinh đau đầu. Để giúp các bạn làm quen với cấu trúc đề thi, TAK12 đã tổng hợp chi tiết các dạng bài có thể xuất hiện trong 2 tasks của bài thi IELTS Writing. Ngoài ra, học sinh có thể tham khảo các đề thi IELTS Writing các năm trước được TAK12 tổng hợp theo dạng bài.

Đề thi IELTS Writing Task 1

Dạng bài Writing Task 1 được chia thành 3 phần như sau. Các bạn lưu ý bố cục này để có thể dễ dàng hiểu hơn các phần phân tích chi tiết bên dưới nhé. Bố cục này sẽ áp dụng với mọi dạng bài IELTS Writing Task 1.

Phần	Đoạn số	Mục đích
Introduction	1	Giới thiệu nội dung
Overview	2	Nhận định chung
Details	3	Mô tả chi tiết

Các dạng bài trong IELTS writing:

Line Graph (Biểu đồ đường)

Line graph là dạng biểu đồ có chứa một hoặc một số đường, thể hiện sự thay đổi của một yếu tố nào đó qua nhiều mốc trong một khoảng thời gian nhất định. Trong số các biểu đồ hay gặp trong IELTS task 1, biểu đồ đường được coi là một trong những biểu đồ dễ miêu tả nhất về xu hướng thay đổi. Trong quá trình viết bài, các bạn chú ý các điểm như:

- Dựa vào trục tung và trục hoành của biểu đồ để nắm được các thông tin cơ bản về đơn vị, thời gian

- Xác định số lượng đường biểu diễn trong biểu đồ

- Chú ý đến điểm khởi đầu, điểm kết thúc, điểm rẽ nhánh của các đường biểu diễn, các đường có độ thay đổi nhiều nhất, ít thay đổi nhất và so sánh nếu có thể

Bài viết mẫu:

The chart gives information about UK immigration, emigration and net migration between 1999 and 2008.

Both immigration and emigration rates rose over the period shown, but the figures for immigration were significantly higher. Net migration peaked in 2004 and 2007.

In 1999, over 450,000 people came to live in the UK, while the number of people who emigrated stood at just under 300,000. The figure for net migration was around 160,000, and it remained at a similar level until 2003. From 1999 to 2004, the immigration rate rose by nearly 150,000 people, but there was a much smaller rise in emigration. Net migration peaked at almost 250,000 people in 2004.

After 2004, the rate of immigration remained high, but the number of people emigrating fluctuated. Emigration fell suddenly in 2007, before peaking at about 420,000 people in 2008. As a result, the net migration figure rose to around 240,000 in 2007 but fell back to around 160,000 in 2008.

>> Tổng hợp đề thi IELTS Writing dạng bài Line Graph

Bar Chart (Biểu đồ cột)

Biểu đồ cột cung cấp lượng thông tin khá lớn, khiến việc phân loại, so sánh giữa các con số khá phức tạp. Bởi vậy, khi gặp dạng đề miêu tả biểu đồ cột, bạn cần chú ý:

- Phân loại và mô tả theo yêu cầu đề bài

- Chỉ ra giá trị lớn nhất/nhỏ nhất và các xu hướng liên quan

- Mô tả và so sánh các kết quả

Bài viết mẫu:

The bar chart shows the answer to a survey on preferred accommodation of people in 4 countries when they went on holiday in 2010. Overall, hotels were chosen as the most preferred accommodation option for the majority of people in all four countries and the selection of other types of accommodation varied between different countries.

55% of English people chose to stay in hotels, and this number was slightly higher than the figure for Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Also, this number was almost as twice as the percentage of people who cooked for themselves (under 30%) in England, Scotland and Wales. In comparison, only 10% of people in Northern Ireland responded that they choose self-catering for their holiday.

A caravan holiday was chosen by 30% of people surveyed and was the second most popular option in Northern Ireland while it was the least choice in England and Wales with around 5%. There were around 10% of people in all four countries chose camping and going camping was the least choice in Scotland.

>> Tổng hợp đề thi IELTS Writing dạng bài Bar Chart

Pie Chart (Biểu đồ tròn)

Dạng Pie Chart (Biểu đồ tròn) biểu thị tỷ lệ phần trăm của nhiều đối tượng, hay nhiều thành phần của một đối tượng. Biểu đồ tròn thường có số lượng từ 2 đối tượng trở lên, có thể có yếu tố thời gian hoặc đại diện cho từng đối tượng cụ thể.

Bài viết mẫu:

The given pie charts give information on the spending of a UK school in three different years with the 10 years interval starting from 1981.

According to the given data, in 1981 the UK school's 40% expense was for teachers' salaries while 15% expenses were both for school equipment and for other resources like books. 2% of its expenses were made for the insurance and the remaining 28% was for the other staff's salary. After 10 years, the expenses on teachers' salaries increased by 10% while the expenses on school furniture reduced by 10%. Resources and books-related expenses increased by 5% while other staff's salaries decreased by 6% this year. Only one percent of expenses increased for insurance.

In 2001, the expense of this school in this year was 45% for the teachers. The insurance cost increased to 8% while the furniture-related expenses increased to 23% and staff salary and resource purchasing expenses decreased to 15% and 9% respectively.

>> Tổng hợp đề thi IELTS Writing dạng bài Pie Chart

Table (Bảng số liệu)

Bảng số liệu cho thấy một loạt số liệu liên quan đến từng đối tượng, hạng mục cụ thể. Tuy không có hình thức giống biểu đồ nhưng bảng số liệu cũng vẫn sử dụng Language of Comparison, Language of Change – Ngôn ngữ mô tả sự thay đổi (nếu có từ hai mốc thời gian trở lên) và cách diễn đạt số liệu cũng không khác với biểu đồ. Người viết cũng có thể chuyển hóa bảng số liệu thành các loại biểu đồ nếu muốn.

Bài viết mẫu:

The table shows the amount of money that four car manufacturing companies spent on different forms of advertising in the UK in 2002.

It is clear that Renault spent the largest amount of money on advertising during 2002. In addition, TV advertisements were by far the most popular advertising format while the opposite was true for cinema advertising.

In 2002, Cetirizine allocated $70 million for TV advertisements while the figure for Vauxhall was slightly lower, at $65 million. Meanwhile, $59 million was spent on TV commercials by Renault, and only $45 million by Rover. In terms of press advertising, the amount of money spent by Renault was again the largest, at $45 million, slightly higher than that of Rover, at $38 million. In contrast, Vauxhall and Cetirizine only spent $8 million and $12 million on press advertising, respectively.

Of the other forms, advertising in cinemas and outdoors incurred the lowest costs, with less than $10 million spent by each company. It is also notable that expenditure on radio advertising by all car manufacturers was similar, at $15 million each.

>> Tổng hợp đề thi IELTS Writing dạng bài Table

Process (Quy trình)

Có hai loại bài tập nhỏ trong dạng này: 

• Sơ đồ tự nhiên (natural process): bạn có thể gặp các đề bài như miêu tả chu trình sinh sản của loài ếch, miêu tả quá trình hình thành con bướm,…
• Sơ đồ nhân tạo (man-made process): quá trình sản xuất gạch ống, các giai đoạn sản xuất cà phê, đường,…

Bài viết mẫu:

The figure illustrates the process used by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology to forecast the weather.

There are four stages in the process, beginning with the collection of information about the weather. This information is then analyzed, prepared for presentation, and finally broadcast to the public.

Looking at the first and second stages of the process, there are three ways of collecting weather data and three ways of analyzing it. Firstly, incoming information can be received by satellite and presented for analysis as a satellite photo. The same data can also be passed to a radar station and presented on a radar screen or synoptic chart. Secondly, incoming information may be collected directly by radar and analyzed on a radar screen or synoptic chart. Finally, drifting buoys also receive data which can be shown on a synoptic chart.

At the third stage of the process, the weather broadcast is prepared on computers. Finally, it is delivered to the public on television, on the radio, or as a recorded telephone announcement.

>> Tổng hợp đề thi IELTS Writing dạng bài Process

Maps (Bản đồ)

Trong dạng Maps, các biểu đồ lại được chia nhỏ hơn thành 2 loại chính:

• Thứ nhất, miêu tả một vị trí, địa điểm nào đó tại một năm cụ thể hoặc hiện tại.
• Thứ hai, miêu tả sự biến đổi của một vị trí, địa điểm trong một khoảng thời gian nhất định.

Bài viết mẫu:

The map shows the growth of a village called Chorleywood between 1868 and 1994.

It is clear that the village grew as the transport infrastructure was improved. Four periods of development are shown on the map, and each of the populated areas is near the main roads, the railway or the motorway.

From 1868 to 1883, Chorleywood covered a small area next to one of the main roads. Chorleywood Park and Golf Course are now located next to this original village area. The village grew along the main road to the south between 1883 and 1922, and in 1909 a railway line was built crossing this area from west to east. Chorleywood station is in this part of the village.

The expansion of Chorleywood continued to the east and west alongside the railway line until 1970. At that time, a motorway was built to the east of the village, and from 1970 to 1994, further development of the village took place around motorway intersections with the railway and one of the main roads.

>> Tổng hợp đề thi IELTS Writing dạng bài Maps

Biểu đồ kết hợp (Mixed Charts)

Với dạng Mix, bạn sẽ gặp nhiều hơn một biểu đồ trong đề bài. Các biểu đồ được kết hợp với nhau để miêu tả số liệu, có thể là số liệu liên quan hoặc không liên quan đến nhau.

Bài viết mẫu:

The pie chart compares the percentage of people residing in Australia who come from different countries. Meanwhile, the table illustrates the proportion of the population living in different areas.

Overall, the majority of residents in Australia are Australian. Furthermore, the proportion of people living in the urban area is far higher than that in the suburban one.

In terms of the pie chart, the percentage of people hailing from Australia accounted for 73%. Meanwhile, the proportion of those with other nationalities doubled the rate of those who were British, which was 14% to 7%. Minorities were seen in the proportion of Dutch and Chinese people, as well as New Zealanders. To be specific, these figures were 1%, 2% and 3%, respectively.

Regarding the table, 89% was the percentage of Australian citizens hailing from Britain residing in the city, whereas 11% was the figure for those living in the countryside. A somewhat uniform ratio was seen in New Zealanders being residents in urban and rural areas, which was 90% to 10%. The percentage of authentic Australian city dwellers and rural residents accounted for 80% and 20%, respectively. Meanwhile, 83% and 17% were the respective figures for Dutch nationals living in Australian urban and rural regions. Almost all Chinese people based in Australia resided in cities, with only 1% of them living in the countryside. 

>> Tổng hợp đề thi IELTS Writing dạng bài Mixed Charts

Đề thi IELTS Writing Task 2

Yêu cầu của IELTS writing task 2:

• Viết một bài luận với độ dài tối thiểu là 250 chữ 
• Câu hỏi ở phần thi này sẽ thuộc nhiều lĩnh vực từ giáo dục, y tế, môi trường, cuộc sống...và những vấn đề đời thường khác mà nhiều người quan tâm

Dạng bài Opinion Essay

Dạng bài Opinion Essay yêu cầu người viết nêu lên quan điểm cá nhân cho một vấn đề hoặc ý kiến nào đó được nhắc tới trước trong đề thi IELTS Writing Task 2 đã cho. Đề bài có thể sẽ nhắc tới một sự phát triển nào đó và hỏi rằng liệu đó là một sự phát triển tích cực hay không, liệu bạn có đồng ý với điều đó hay không,…

Đề bài:

Some people claim that museums and art galleries are not needed today because everyone can see historical objects or artworks by computer. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Bài viết mẫu:

In this day and age, many people argue that works of art or historical remnants can be observed online; therefore, the necessity of traditional museums and art galleries is denied. This can be a sound argument but to me personally, I disagree with this opinion since museums or galleries are still of great importance in the modern world and the justifications are as follows.

There is a wide array of reasons that account for the magnitude of museums but the most prime one is that humans are given the opportunity to contemplate great artworks. In contrast to a hectic schedule at work or at school, it is likely that the exclusively designed space and ambiance in museums or galleries may act as a hub for entertainment and it will help people feel relaxed. Additionally, having the real experience of seeing history-related objects or famous artworks will generate inspiration or new sources of ideas for those who are not only in the field of art or history but also for people in other professions.

The second reason is that museums and galleries help us develop a sense of respect for the history and art of our own country or other countries in the world. Admiring real historical objects or artworks can help people learn more about their own country’s history and aesthetic field, thus making them cherish part of their national identity. Furthermore, the sophistication of art or the intensity of war will be shown, which enables people to experience authenticity that cannot be seen on the Internet. The most conspicuous case-in-point is when one can observe the real “Mona Lisa” at the museum, it may be a valuable cultural experience that hardly anything can compare.

In summary, although some people may claim that museums or art galleries are not necessary in the modern world, I am still in favor of the opinion that they still play a critical significance in our life.

>> Tổng hợp đề thi IELTS Writing dạng bài Opinion Essay

Dạng bài Discussion Essay

Dạng đề bài này đưa ra 2 quan điểm và đòi hỏi bạn bàn luận về cả 2 quan điểm và đưa ra quan điểm hay ý kiến riêng của bản thân. Bạn phải thảo luận về từng quan điểm một, mỗi đoạn Body dành cho một quan điểm. Phần Conclusion sẽ là nơi các bạn đưa ra quan điểm hay ý kiến riêng của mình. Các bạn cũng có thể đưa ra ý kiến hay quan điểm của mình ngay trong phần Introduction.

Dạng bài này có 2 cách đưa ra đầu bài: Đưa ra 1 quan điểm và yêu cầu thảo luận 2 mặt của quan điểm đó hoặc đưa ra 2 quan điểm và yêu cầu thảo luận cả 2 quan điểm đó. Dạng bài Discussion Essay cũng có thể hỏi về ý kiến cá nhân: Bạn đồng ý với quan điểm hay ý kiến nào hơn?

Đề bài:

Some people say that family has the most powerful influence on a child’s development; however, others say that influences such as music, other people,... have the greatest influence on children.

Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Bài viết mẫu:

A child’s growth development was influenced by the family for those strongly believed that whereas some people said that other factors also affect children. From my perspective, both statements are the key that for youngster’s growth and supportive details will be discussed in this essay.

Undeniably, the parent in a family has played a vital role as a children’s model. The parent is a core of children learning since the baby born. Every piece of action can be learned from them, especially speaking motion. However, if a parental problem appears in the family, it would be changing the direction of the infant. As a result, a bad custom will be formed in a new household. Furthermore, if parental’s attitude is better to teach their children and lead them to a bright future, a good growth journey in their life. Therefore, it is depending on the decision the parents take, which would make a difference. 

On the other hand, external elements might be concerned for the progress of children growing up. First of all, friends are the main issue that can change the mind concept when they are together. For example, if mixed up with gangster friends would become a worse person to consequence in prison. On the contrary, if they joined a bookworm gang, then probably the fun of study would be discovered. Secondly, several programs, films, and movies have a minor effect to alter a child’s opinion based on these circumstances. Moreover, music is another matter that indirect contact with the child. Recently, most younger generations love to listen to various kinds of music, each music can represent a different type of personality such as lovely music could bring happiness; emotional soft music is the one sorrowful people and sadness. Hence, these elements might have a small change in the journeys of a child. 

To conclude, both parental attitude and exterior factors influence children's development. In my opinion, parents have a responsibility to teach their children and minimize the bad issue surrounding them.

>> Tổng hợp đề thi IELTS Writing dạng bài Discussion Essay

Dạng bài Advantages and Disadvantages Essay

Với dạng bài Advantages – Disadvantages đề bài sẽ đưa ra một vấn đề hoặc ý kiến và yêu cầu bạn phải chỉ ra những nhược điểm cũng như ưu điểm của nó. Thông thường dạng bài Advantages – Disadvantages được chia làm 2 loại:

• Loại 1: Chỉ liệt kê ra các ưu điểm và nhược điểm

Ví dụ: The internet has made knowledge immediately available to people through computers and smartphones all around the world. Much of this knowledge is also free. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this trend.

• Loại 2: Người viết cần chỉ ra liệu ưu điểm có lấn át được nhược điểm hay không

Ví dụ: Some experts believe that it is better for children to begin learning a foreign language at primary school rather than secondary school. Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?

Đề bài:

Many foods are shipped from far away. Some people think that eating local foods is more environmentally and economically. Do you think the advantages outweigh its disadvantages?

Bài viết mẫu:

The shipping of a wide range of foods from other cities or countries may have an adverse impact on locally produced food in this modern world of aggressive competition. However, the latter, in my own eyes, obviously offers more merits than demerits.

On the face of it, the consumption of local food might be said to have certain drawbacks. One of them is the lack of diversity or exotic taste. Without access to strange food from far away, people in Vietnam today, for instance, would feel fed up with a limited number of food choices or would never have a chance to try, and probably enjoy, the taste of a similar type of food which is actually imported from other countries, such as Kobe beef from Japan.

However, compared with food transported from other regions, eating food produced locally is significantly more beneficial in economic, environmental, and educational terms. From an economic point of view, local food does not involve excessive transportation leading to higher and higher costs, especially with increasing fuel prices taken into account.

This is also associated with less damaging effects on the environment related to the shipping of food products by plane from abroad. In terms of education, consuming local food helps nurture patriotism among young generations, orienting them towards preserving and developing the sense of using indigenous products.

In today’s world of globalization, the effort to consume local food is thus playing an indispensable role in maintaining the identity of each and every local culture.

In a word, the downside of eating locally produced food is outweighed by its upside. This is, in actual fact, true from economic, environmental, and educational viewpoints.

>> Tổng hợp đề thi IELTS Writing dạng bài Advantages – Disadvantages

Dạng bài Problems – Solutions Essay

Dạng bài Problems – Solutions Essay là dạng đề thi yêu cầu tất cả các thí sinh tham gia đưa ra một vấn đề hoặc nguyên nhân gây ra vấn đề của một hiệu tượng nào đó. Đồng thời các thí sinh cũng phải chỉ ra được hướng giải quyết thích hợp nhất cho vấn đề bạn đã đưa ra.

Đề bài:

There is a general increase in anti-social behaviors and a lack of respect for others. What are the causes and solutions?

Bài viết mẫu:

The widespread presence of anti-social behavior and disrespectful attitudes towards others has long been a prevalent issue in society today. This often derives from the indifference of parents towards their children’s moral development, and sometimes from social problems such as violence and discrimination which exist in many parts of the world. This situation should be addressed by strong remedies, including better parental education and stricter law enforcement against violent and discriminatory activities in society.

Reasons for this alarming situation vary. In some places, people may hold an anti-social attitude or disrespect others because they live in an environment where violence and discrimination are the norms. Children of sexist parents in rural families in Vietnam, for example, show a worrying tendency of disrespecting women. In some other cases, it is the lack of parental guidance that is to blame. As modern parents are becoming increasingly busy with their jobs, they may have the proclivity to be indifferent to their children’s moral education. When there is no one to help young children distinguish between right and wrong, ill-mannered attitudes may emerge and develop among them without being controlled.

A number of strong measures could be adopted by the government and families to mitigate the problem. On the national level, the government should take definite actions against violence and discrimination. This could be done by ensuring strict enforcement of the laws on violent and discriminatory acts to deter them from happening. In addition, on the nuclear-family level, parents need to reaffirm their role in morally guiding their children. If they notice any signs of antisocial or insolent behavior in children, the children should be reprimanded accordingly. Parents, at the same time, could also educate their children about social manners by instilling a moral code in them. These actions, albeit small, could have a strong influence on children when they grow up.

In conclusion, it is clear that violence, discrimination, and the indifference of parents to children’s education are the major catalysts for the increase in anti-social behavior and disrespect towards others. Strong measures such as stringent law enforcement on violent and discriminatory acts should be taken to alleviate this distressing situation.

>> Tổng hợp đề thi IELTS Writing dạng bài Problems – Solutions Essay

Dạng bài Two–part Question

Dạng bài Two-part Question (hay Double Question) sẽ nêu một sự việc và đưa ra 2 câu hỏi. Những câu hỏi này thường là về nguyên nhân, tác động, lợi ích,… Và có thể một trong hai câu hỏi sẽ giống như các dạng Writing Task 2 bên trên.

Đề bài:

While people in developing countries are happier than in the past, people in developed countries are less happy. Why? What can be learned from this?

Bài viết mẫu:

Despite current progress in economic and social development, citizens in developed nations are reportedly less happy than in the past. In contrast, their counterparts in less developed ones seem to enjoy a rise in happiness. There are various reasons for this phenomenon, from which numerous lessons can be drawn.

The reasons why happiness is surging in impoverished nations can be put down to multiple factors among which the development in the economy should be at the forefront. Admittedly, in recent years, many developing countries have boosted their national economy considerably by dint of the industrial revolution and many technological advances. This has resulted in residents affording better accommodation, enjoying better healthcare, accumulating extra money for recreational purposes such as overseas vacations, and at the same time, their children receiving a higher quality education. These once considered elements of a high living standard are now commonplace, hence an overall rise in the sense of fulfillment with delight. In contrast, due to rapid industrialization, many well-off countries nowadays have to face various environmental problems such as climate change, air, water, soil, and noise pollution, and social issues like increasing crime rates. This explains why residents in wealthy countries are no longer satisfied although they are materially affluent. 

Drawing from the contentment of people in emerging nations, we can deduce two valuable lessons regarding happiness. Firstly, financial sufficiency is crucial when it comes to happiness. Without money, many people will have to live in poverty and work excessively hard to earn a living, not to mention take care of their families. As a consequence, people are generally put under constant pressure, and thus cannot live as happily as those who are financially stable. Therefore, governments should support their citizens by providing more job opportunities and granting larger subsidies in hard times such as global pandemics or economic crises to maintain their lives at a basic level. Nonetheless, along with economic development, other aspects of life should also be given close attention to ensure sustainability, such as the environment and societal well-being. Falling that, in the future, developing countries will face the problems which developed nations are dealing with. 

All things considered, I believe economic growth is improving life in developing countries, while at the same time affecting developed nations. Therefore, a lesson to be drawn from this issue is that the development of the economy should be emphasized while not ignoring environmental protection and societal improvement.

>> Tổng hợp đề thi IELTS Writing dạng bài Two-part Question

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